Obesity and weight change during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Summary Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate impact as well associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 November 2021. included only longitudinal studies with measures before pandemic that evaluated weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z ‐scores for children), waist circumference, prevalence obesity. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted obtain pooled estimates mean difference outcomes. Subgroups age groups diabetes at baseline. bias assessed using a modified version Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, certainty evidence Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total 74 (3,213,776 participants): 31 children, 41 adults, 2 In 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) 0.13 CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 ‐scores, by 2% 1%, 3%; 12 studies). 0.93 0.54, 1.33; 27 0.38 kg/m 0.21, 0.55; 25 BMI, 1% 0%, 11 circumference 1.03 cm −0.08, 2.15; 4 There considerable heterogeneity observed all outcomes both GRADE very low During first year small but potentially clinically significant increases gain, adults observed. Increases greater targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.

Language: Английский

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Differential mechanisms affecting weight loss and weight loss maintenance

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 1266 - 1274

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Food insecurity during COVID-19: a place-based understanding of Fresno, California

Food Culture & Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 21

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

One's surrounding political, cultural, policy, and societal environment can influence food security status. These multiple, varied levels of contextual conditions within a location interact with each other, facilitating or impeding one's ability to be secure. This case study offers place-based insights into insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fresno, California, based on qualitative data. Results revealed nine themes that shaped 12 participants' status pandemic, specific insights. Analysis highlights complexity interconnectedness said onto (in)security links these understandings better our understanding (in)security. Further reflections include how policy responses could bettered through understandings, including future pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The effectiveness of interventions during the first 1,000 days to improve energy balance‐related behaviors or prevent overweight/obesity in children from socio‐economically disadvantaged families of high‐income countries: a systematic review

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Summary This narrative systematic review examined effectiveness of interventions during pregnancy and up to 2 years age in improving energy balance‐related behaviors or prevent overweight/obesity children from families experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage. We identified 24 interventions, 33 articles, since 1990. Overall, despite their heterogeneity variability internal external validity, there was some evidence beneficial impact on obesity risk (4/15), associated behaviors, e.g.: breastfeeding (9/18), responsive feeding (11/16), diet (7/8), sedentary (1/3) movement (4/7) sleep (1/2). The most effective aimed at promoting commenced antenatally; this similar for the prevention obesity, provided intervention continued least postnatally multi‐behavioral. Effective were more likely target first‐time mothers involve professional delivery agents, multidisciplinary teams peer groups. Among ethnic/racial minorities, delivered by lay agents had dietary behavior but not weight outcomes. Co‐creation with stakeholders, including parents, adherence theoretical frameworks additional ingredients pragmatic, inclusive, non‐judgmental, programs. growing body targeting disadvantage is promising reducing early inequalities risk.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Food Security and Nutrition through Social Safety Nets: A Pathway to Sustainable Development

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 14347 - 14347

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

In this cross-sectional study, an investigation was conducted by collecting primary data from 379 household heads to examine the impact of social safety nets on household-level food security in Torghar district Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The comprehensive analysis encompassed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. bivariate revealed issues shortcomings related access nets, particularly within Zakat system. These included corruption nepotism, which hindered poverty alleviation strategies well-being vulnerable households. Additionally, complex bureaucratic procedures regulations impeded interventions, political factors posed a substantial obstacle. At level, study identified specific contributing insecurity. Respondents extended family systems, individuals aged between 46 55 years, those with religious education were found be more While held promise for addressing sustenance challenges among local low-income citizens, negative impacts involvement, favoritism, nepotism evident required urgent attention. findings emphasize need coordinated efforts government, net officials, community identify rectify these existing issues. Fostering sense ownership responsibility regarding role implementation towards achieving is crucial enhancing their viability effectiveness, ensuring continuous support need.

Language: Английский

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Perspective: Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities for Dietitians

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 995 - 1004

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

In recent years, the interest in food and nutrition insecurity high-income countries has skyrocketed. However, its recognition Europe is still developing. This perspective summarizes evidence on across terms of prevalence, consequences, current mitigation strategies, with aim outlining challenges opportunities for dietitians. Prevalence general population ranges between 5% 20%, higher rates identified women, children, older adults, single-parent households, those low educational attainment, or unstable income and/or employment. users aid, prevalence above 70%. Responses to include welfare policies assistance programs at regional national levels. most strategies are not successful tackling structural drivers insecurity, nor do they guarantee diet quality. Despite limited involvement to-date, dietitians can play an important role addressing Europe. narrative identifies 4 areas: 1) create awareness existence severity 2) advocate comprehensive, robust data determinants 3) partner diverse stakeholders, social providers, local authorities, nongovernmental organizations a intersectoral, integrated manner, 4) participate development political instruments interventions that ensure equitable access high-quality safe food.

Language: Английский

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Food Insecurity among International Migrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 5273 - 5273

Published: March 27, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the measures imposed to control it have impacted food security globally, particularly among vulnerable populations. Food insecurity, in turn, has repercussions on health, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. This scoping review maps literature describing associations between COVID-19 pandemic insecurity migrants, with a particular view toward health. A total of 909 papers were extracted through four electronic databases, 46 studies included. migrant populations described originated mainly from Latin America (11/46) located North (21/46). Most included refugees asylum seekers (20/46). main challenges financial hardship (28/46), effect migrants' documentation status using public aid (13/46), suspension or reduction humanitarian assistance due economic recession (7/46). impact mental physical health was 26 studies. Authorities all destination countries should focus their attention efforts into ensuring nutrition for migrants holistic way, including legal integration, be better prepared crises future.

Language: Английский

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Using a Syndemics Perspective to (Re)conceptualize Vulnerability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

Published: June 4, 2024

Syndemics theory has been applied to study interactions between biomedical and social factors leading clustering of diseases. Because syndemics focuses on that enhance risk, the concept vulnerability is central this approach. We conducted a scoping review better understand how helped define, operationalize, tackle issues during COVID-19 pandemic. Original research, review, opinion pieces elaborating syndemics, COVID-19, published December 2019 October 2022 available in PubMed, were eligible. analysed 40 records identified three framings operating period: (1) diseases/health conditions specific factors; (2) determinants health; (3) impacts populations. Emerging conceptualizations described as systemic issue; explained impact control measures increased vulnerability; presented syndemic its own. However, theory's potential for deepening our understanding pandemic was constrained by superficial explorations spheres, insufficient theoretical methodological support from sciences.

Language: Английский

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Impact and Cost Effectiveness of a Home Food Environment Intervention on Healthy Eating

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unhealthy food environments that promote overweight and food insecurity in a brazilian metropolitan area: A case of a syndemic?

Food Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 102375 - 102375

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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