COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 28, 2024

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. viral invasion proceeds the ACE2 receptor, expressed in cell types, some patients serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, microbes that colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis these revealed biological effects, none which are mutually exclusive. However, severity also depends on numerous comorbidities obesity, age, diabetes, hypertension care must be taken with respect other morbidities, host immunity. Gut microbiota relation immunopathology is considered evolve progression via mechanisms biochemical metabolism, exacerbation inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation gut microbiome equilibrium food supplements probiotics remains a hot topic current research debate. In this review, we discuss complications physio-pathological effects infection, GIT response, therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We summarize targets probiotics, their limitations, efficacy preclinical clinical drugs effectively inhibit spread SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 284, P. 127733 - 127733

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ameliorative Effects of Korean-Red-Ginseng-Derived Polysaccharide on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 231 - 231

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Korean-red-ginseng-derived polysaccharide (KRG-P) on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) induced by administering lincomycin in mice. Changes intestinal barrier proteins, microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents were investigated. Lincomycin was orally administered for 9 days to induce diarrhea; subsequently, 100 mg/kg 300 KRG-P 12 days. The observed AAD group; further administration improved diarrhea. Analysis changes microbial flora mice revealed that harmful bacterial (such as Proteobacteria) increased group, whereas beneficial Firmicutes) decreased. However, resulted decreased Proteobacteria Firmicutes, supporting improvement imbalance caused AAD. Moreover, an analysis SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic butylic acid) caecum SCFAs’ group substantially reduced but tended increase upon administration. Based these results, KRG-P, which is primarily composed carbohydrates can improve lincomycin-induced diarrhea, likely owing recovery SCFA content improving proteins.

Language: Английский

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2’-FL and cross-feeding bifidobacteria reshaped the gut microbiota of infants with atopic dermatitis ex vivo and prevented dermatitis in mice post-microbiota transplantation through retinol metabolism activation

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 2, 2025

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a predominant human milk oligosaccharide, plays crucial role in the development of infant gut microbiota and immune system. However, infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) often has difficulty utilizing 2'-FL. Here, we found that strains from milk, Bifidobacterium bifidum FN120 longum subsp. FN103, utilized 2'-FL for growth by cross-feeding. Through an ex vivo continuous fermentation system, cross-feeding bifidobacteria synergistically enhanced production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate propionate, while reshaping AD. The reshaped was then transplanted into oxazolone-induced mice. We observed AD symptoms mice were effectively prevented, significant changes ileum increased intestinal SCFA levels. RNA sequencing analysis Peyer's patches small intestine revealed activation retinol metabolic pathway. Nontargeted metabolomics increase plasma retinoate levels, which correlated markedly AD-related markers. Collectively, our study demonstrated supplementation microbiota, activated pathways, promoted tolerance, thereby prevented Our findings provide novel insights therapeutic potential combining prebiotics probiotics to modulate - skin axis support tolerance early life, offering promising strategy infantile management prevention.

Language: Английский

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Quercetin Improves Barrier Properties in Porcine Small Intestine but Not in Peyer’s Patches

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1530 - 1530

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Peyer's patches (PPs) are part of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) and represent first line intestinal immunological defense. They consist follicles with lymphocytes an overlying subepithelial dome dendritic cells macrophages, they covered by follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). A sealed paracellular pathway in FAE is crucial for controlled uptake luminal antigens. Quercetin most abundant plant flavonoid has a barrier-strengthening effect on tight junctions (TJs), protein complex that regulates pathway. In this study, we aimed to analyze quercetin porcine PPs surrounding villus (VE). We incubated both types 4 h Ussing chambers, recorded transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), measured unidirectional tracer flux [3H]-mannitol. Subsequently, analyzed expression, amount, localization three TJ proteins, claudin 1, 2, 4. PPs, could not detect after h, neither TEER nor [3H]-mannitol flux. VE, led higher value, while was unchanged. The pore-forming 2 decreased barrier-forming increased expression upregulated. Claudin 1 unchanged all claudins be located membrane immunofluorescence microscopy. Our study shows VE upregulation decrease. Moreover, it underlines different barrier properties compared VE.

Language: Английский

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The relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(7)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of end‐stage associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Obesity diabetes are the most important risk factors MASLD. It well‐established that obesity‐associated insulin resistance leads to situation tissue lipotoxicity characterized by an accumulation excess fat in non‐fat tissues such as liver, promoting development MASLD, its progression into metabolic steatohepatitis. Methods Here, we aimed review impact disrupted intestinal permeability, antimicrobial proteins bacterial endotoxin Results Conclusion Recent studies demonstrated obesity‐ obesogenic diets‐associated alterations microbiota along disruption barrier integrity, alteration and, consequence, enhanced translocation bloodstream might contribute this pathological process through impacting metabolism inflammation.

Language: Английский

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The Current Status and Development Forecasts of Vaccines for Aquaculture and its Effects on Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106971 - 106971

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host–Pathogen Interactions

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8)

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology high demand elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, aid design effective preventive therapeutic interventions. There exists trade-off between simple throughput those more complex physiologically relevant. The complexity model used shall be guided by biological question addressed. This review provides an overview structure function intestine developed emulate this. Conventional discussed addition emerging which employ engineering principles equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations current future perspectives on field presented.

Language: Английский

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Development of a Cascade-Targeting Oral Vaccine via Glycoprotein 2 on Intestinal Microfold Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Oral cancer vaccines are convenient and safe, with the presence of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) involved intestinal Peyer's patch (PPs) containing microfold (M) cells housing abundant underneath dendritic (DCs). Here, we found that endocytic receptors glycoprotein 2 (GP2) dectin-1 respectively expressed on M DCs high specificity. Then, discovered a gastrointestinal hydrolysis-resistant D-peptide DGPBP-2(1-8) targeting GP2 by phage display screening optimization. was conjugated to β-glucan (dectin-1 ligand)-containing yeast capsules (GP2-YCs) design cascade-targeting oral vaccine platform, which can help antigen efficiently cross subsequently be endocytosed DCs, thus activating CD8+ T cells. More importantly, this evoke not only cellular but also humoral mucosal immune responses. Therefore, could serve as novel platform for immunotherapy infectious disease prevention well.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Oral Bioavailability and Reducing Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Tilianin via Folic Acid-Modified Nanocrystal Liposomes

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106914 - 106914

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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