Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 336 - 348

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19: A systematic review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 5, 2023

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid inflammatory disease occurring specifically after upper respiratory tract infections. Since COVID-19 leading to multi-organ involvements, we aimed systematically review the literature regarding SAT secondary COVID-19.We searched Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and LitCovid databases using terms "subacute thyroiditis" "COVID-19" their synonyms from inception November 3, 2022. We included original articles patients with COVID-19. Studies reporting vaccination or symptoms' manifestation before infection were not included.Totally, 820 retained. Having removed duplicates, 250 remained, out which 43 (40 case reports three series) total 100 patients, eventually selected. The aged 18-85 years (Mean: 42.70, SD: 11.85) 68 (68%) women. time onset symptoms varied zero 168 days 28.31, 36.92). most common neck pain in 69 (69%), fever 54 (54%), fatigue weakness 34 (34%), persistent palpitations 31 (31%). ultrasonographic findings hypoechoic regions 73 (79%), enlarged 46 (50%), changes vascularity 14 (15%). Thirty-one (31%) hospitalized, treated as outpatients. Corticosteroids preferred treatment both inpatient outpatient settings (25 inpatients (81%) 44 outpatients (65%)). Other treatments nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nine (29%) 17 (25%)) beta-blockers (four (13%) seven (10%)). After mean duration 61.59 (SD: 67.07), 21 (23%) developed hypothyroidism thus, levothyroxine-based was used six these rest did receive levothyroxine.SAT seems manifest almost similarly conventional SAT. However, except for series, lack studies has limited quality data at hand.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccination and thyroiditis

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 101759 - 101759

Published: March 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 960 - 960

Published: April 12, 2022

This is a review of full-length articles strictly concerning subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (SVI) and COVID-19 vaccine (COV) that were published between 1st March 2020 21st 2022 PubMed-indexed journals. A total 161 cases reported as follows: 81 SAT-SVI (2 retrospective studies, 5 case series, 29 reports), 80 respective SAT-COV (1 longitudinal study, 14 17 reports; also, 1 prospective study included 12 patients, with 6 patients each category). To our knowledge, this represents largest cohort until present time. was detected adults aged 18 85 years, mostly middle-aged females. SAT-COVID-19 timing classifies SAT viral (synchronous infection, which an original feature SATs usually follow infection) post-viral (during recovery period or after within 8 weeks, up maximum 24 weeks). The clinical spectrum has two patterns: either accompanying severe multi-organ spreading (most frequent lung involvement) asymptomatic being single manifestation first presentation. Either way, may remain unrecognized. Some data suggest more intense neck pain, fever, hypothyroidism at 3 months are identified when compared non-SAT-SVI, but other authors have similar presentations outcomes. Post-COVID-19 fatigue be due residual post-SAT hypothyroidism. practical importance derives from fact thyroid hormone anomalies aggravate general status infections (particular concerns tachycardia/arrhythmias, cardiac insufficiency, ischemic events). If misdiagnosed, results unnecessary treatment anti-thyroid drugs even antibiotics for fever unknown cause. Once recognized, does not seem require particular approach non-COVID-19 cases, including need glucocorticoid therapy rate permanent complete resolution inflammation expected, except persistent follows few hours average 2 weeks (no pattern related second dose). Pathogenesis includes molecular mimicry immunoinflammatory anomalies, some suggested part ASIA syndrome (autoimmune/inflammatory induced by adjuvants). An alternative hypothesis vaccine-related increased autoimmunity vaccine-induced hyperviscosity; however, supported incomplete evidence. From what we know so far risk factors, prior episode non-SVI-SAT associated higher SAT-COV, nor previous history coronavirus itself. Post-vaccine less presentation good outcome. Generally, female sex prone developing any type SAT. HLA susceptibility probably both new types SATs. current low level statistical evidence expected change future. Practitioners should aware restrict immunization protocols case.

Language: Английский

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Subacute THYROiditis Related to SARS-CoV-2 VAccine and Covid-19 (THYROVAC Study): A Multicenter Nationwide Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108(10), P. e1013 - e1026

Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract Context The aims of the study are to compare characteristics subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related different etiologies, and identify predictors recurrence SAT incident hypothyroidism. Methods This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort included 53 endocrinology centers in Turkey. participants were divided into either COVID-19–related (Cov-SAT), SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–related (Vac-SAT), or control (Cont-SAT) groups. Results Of 811 patients, 258 (31.8%) Vac-SAT group, 98 (12.1%) Cov-SAT 455 (56.1%) Cont-SAT group. No difference was found between groups with regard laboratory imaging findings. etiology not an independent predictor In entire cohort, steroid therapy requirement younger age statistically significant for recurrence. C-reactive protein measured during onset, female sex, absence antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) positivity, (early) hypothyroidism, irrespective etiology. On other hand, probable established hypothyroidism differed from that Conclusion Since there is no terms follow-up parameters outcomes, COVID-19– can be treated followed up like classic SATs. Recurrence determined by requirement. Steroid independently predicts may sometimes transient overall also associated a lower risk

Language: Английский

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Management of Subacute Thyroiditis – A Systematic Review of Current Treatment Protocols

International Journal of General Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 6425 - 6439

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Purpose: This systematic review endeavors to find an effective treatment protocol for subacute thyroiditis (SAT) minimize side effects, recurrence and long-term hypothyroidism. Materials Methods: We analyzed available original studies on protocols SAT. A thorough literature search was performed the following online databases PubMed, Cochrane library nd Google Scholar using appropriate keywords choosing relevant articles. Two reviewers assessed methodological quality of selected articles independently a critical appraisal instrument. The results were synthesized qualitatively level evidence method. Results: retrieved total 460 publications after abstract screening; out which 36 met inclusion criteria. After full text screening, 23 further excluded as they focusing aspects SAT other than management, remaining 15 investigated both reliability validity. Thirteen provided low-quality evidence, two randomized control trials (RCT) high evidence. Steroid therapy found be most moderate severe relief from acute symptoms but not risk factor recurrence. Low initial doses steroid (15 mg) preferred over dosage (30– 40 mg). Furthermore, look into mode delivery revealed that intrathyroidal can potentially become safer faster therapy. duration tapering significance short period linked with greater rates. Conclusion: along extended may help lower rates; also, injections are better alternative oral prednisone (PSN) regard safety speed action. However, is investigation required. Keywords: thyroiditis, de Quervain painful steroid, NSAIDS,

Language: Английский

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Insights into SARS-CoV-2-associated subacute thyroiditis: from infection to vaccine

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract Since the COVID-19 emergence as a global pandemic in March 2020, more than 5 million SARS-CoV-2-related deaths have been globally documented. As progressed, it became clear that, although infection is mainly characterized respiratory disease, also affects other organs and systems, including thyroid gland. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can act trigger for various disorders, example, subacute thyroiditis (SAT), Grave’s non-thyroidal illness syndrome. The entry of into host cells mediated by ACE2-receptor, making systems with high expression this receptor, such gland, highly vulnerable to COVID-19. Accumulating data propose SAT may be an underestimated manifestation infection. Importantly, if remains unrecognized, or aggravate potential complications insufficiency cardiovascular complications, thus negatively influence prognosis. Moreover, recent case reports, series, systematic reviews highlight side effect vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. present review aims raise awareness SARS-CoV-2-associated- post-vaccination thyroiditis, discuss regarding its pathophysiology, useful information special form related daily clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

It is important to acknowledge the impact that COVID-19 has on thyroid gland and how status before during infection affects SARS-CoV-2 severity. To this day those dependencies are not fully understood. known virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as receptor for cellular entry it can lead multiple organ failures due a cytokine storm. Levels of proinflammatory molecules (such cytokines chemokines) which commonly elevated were significantly higher in observed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. In terms hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune diseases, there no proof dysfunctions have direct more severe courses COVID-19. Regarding hyper- hypothyroidism was consequential dependency between frequency morbidity post-infectious complications. When comes evaluation be performed unclear relation with level antibodies checked illnesses its binding mentioned virus. Nonetheless, based analyzed works we found trigger immune system cause hyperactivity, sometimes leading new onset disorders. We also noticed acute patients mainly reduced free triiodothyronine serum levels, future, might used mortality indicating factor regarding Considering subacute thyroiditis (SAT), statistically data proving correlation been found. Nevertheless, taking into account fact SAT triggered by respiratory tract viral infections, too. There many heterogenous figures symptoms, annual distribution, cases, so topic requires further evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Subacute Thyroiditis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapies

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(7)

Published: April 9, 2025

ABSTRACT Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease that often associated with viral infections. In particular, SARS‐COV‐2 and its vaccine were found to cause SAT during the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. However, pathogenesis, clinical features, processes still need further profiling. Recently, there are new findings understanding about pathogenic mechanisms of SAT. Some HLA genes have been shown increase risk development, cytokine storms could promote progression diagnostic criteria for proposed facilitate clinicians' diagnosis when facing atypical symptoms in a manner rapidity accuracy. Plus, treatments herbal medicines recently as addition conventional steroidal drugs NSAIDs. This review will provide summary these progresses on diagnosis, therapies emphasis role variety virus pathogens, including virus.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 19, 2025

The literature is rapidly evolving with regards to the endocrine consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal and pituitary disorders. There evidence suggesting that severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead dysfunction long-term sequelae. We aimed review current propose a preventive approach based on published data since beginning COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive was conducted using electronic databases PubMed Google Scholar. Two authors independently used keywords "Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Graves, Thyroid Eye Disease, or Thyroiditis" "Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19" search these databases. screened titles abstracts for initial selection then reviewed full text relevant studies report outcomes data. selected 28 manuscripts. appears similar other viruses. It affects function resulting in non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which usually resolves spontaneously. also causes subacute thyroiditis. may trigger autoimmunity against leads autoimmune Autoimmune thyroiditis progress clinical subclinical hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism. Patients pre-existing probably have risks related adverse outcomes. Evaluation important patients. Improving efficacy treatment reduce short-term complications. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023447994.

Language: Английский

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