Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 677 - 698

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Cancer is a multi-step process that can be viewed as cellular and immunological shift away from homeostasis in response to selected infectious agents, mutations, diet, environmental carcinogens. Homeostasis, which contributes importantly the definition of “health,” maintained, part by production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are metabolites specific gut bacteria. Alteration composition bacteria, or dysbiosis, often major risk factor for some two dozen tumor types. Dysbiosis characterized diminished levels SCFAs stool, presence “leaky gut,” permitting penetration microbes microbial derived molecules (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) through wall, thereby triggering chronic inflammation. attenuate inflammation inhibiting activation nuclear kappa B, decreasing expression pro-inflammatory cytokines such necrosis alpha, stimulating anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 transforming growth beta, promoting differentiation naïve T cells into regulatory cells, down-regulate immune responses immunomodulation. SCFA function epigenetically histone acetyltransferases alter multiple genes activity many signaling pathways Wnt, Hedgehog, Hippo, Notch) contribute pathogenesis cancer. block cancer stem cell proliferation, potentially delaying development relapse targeting mutated tumors epidermal receptor, hepatocyte factor, MET) suppressors up-regulating PTEN p53). When administered properly, have advantages compared probiotic bacteria fecal transplants. In carcinogenesis, toxic against but not surrounding tissue due differences their metabolic fate. Multiple hallmarks also targets SCFAs. These data suggest may re-establish without overt toxicity either delay prevent various

Language: Английский

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Microbes Saving Lives and Reducing Suffering

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A disturbed communication between hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis and gut microbiota in female infertility: is diet to blame?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Female infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Recent research has investigated the significant impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, which can potentially impair fertility. The gut-brain axis, bidirectional communication system between brain, also plays role in regulating reproductive functions. Emerging evidence suggests that influence brain functions behavior, further emphasizing importance microbiota-gut-brain axis reproduction. Given their as major modulator microbiome, diet dietary factors, including patterns nutrient intake, have been implicated development management female infertility. Hence, this review aims to highlight patterns, such Western (WD) Mediterranean (MD), decipher modulatory action infertile women. By contrasting detrimental effects WD with therapeutic potential MD, we emphasize pivotal balanced rich nutrients promoting healthy microbiome. These insights underscore targeted interventions modifications promising strategies enhance outcomes subfertile

Language: Английский

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Infertility in Men: Advances towards a Comprehensive and Integrative Strategy for Precision Theranostics

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1711 - 1711

Published: May 22, 2022

Male infertility is an increasing and serious medical concern, though the mechanism remains poorly understood. Impaired male reproductive function affects approximately half of infertile couples worldwide. Multiple factors related to environment, genetics, age, comorbidities have been associated with impaired sperm function. Present-day clinicians rely primarily on standard semen analysis diagnose potential develop treatment strategies. To address quality assessment bias enhance accuracy, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended standardized testing; however, conventional diagnostic therapeutic options for infertility, including physical examination analysis, remain ineffective in relieving social burden. Instead, assisted techniques are becoming primary approach. In post-genomic era, multiomics technologies that deeply interrogate genome, transcriptome, proteome, and/or epigenome, even at single-cell level, besides breakthroughs robotic surgery, stem cell therapy, big data, offer promises towards solving deterioration factor infertility. This review highlights complex etiology especially roles lifestyle environmental factors, discusses advanced technologies/methodologies used characterizing its pathophysiology. A comprehensive combination these innovative approaches a global multi-centric setting fulfilling suitable ethical consent could ensure optimal developmental outcomes. These combinatorial should allow development markers, molecular stratification classes, personalized Since choices influence fertility, their integration any approach required safe, proactive, cost-effective, noninvasive precision theranostics affordable, accessible, facilitate realizing procreation dream.

Language: Английский

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Male factor infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: indications, minimum access criteria and outcomes

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 1079 - 1085

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Abstract Background Infertility, which is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourses, affects about 15–20% couples worldwide and a male factor involved in half cases. The development assisted reproductive technology (ART) made it possible also individuals affected from severe oligospermia or azoospermia. However, impact on embryo development, implantation, prevalence chromosomal abnormalities, genetic epigenetic alterations, clinical obstetric outcomes still controversial. Purpose This narrative review examines indications, minimum access criteria, by individual ART technique relation factor.

Language: Английский

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Celiac Disease Predisposition and Genital Tract Microbiota in Women Affected by Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 221 - 221

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The incidence of Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is doubled in patients suffering from Celiac Disease (CD) compared to healthy populations. CD genetic components are HLA class II genes known as HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Genetically susceptible women can remain asymptomatic even though they exposed a risk RPL the general population. Furthermore, has been associated with microbiota alterations. aim this study evaluate endometrial vaginal HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positive negative pregnant women. Endometrial 3 subgroups were evaluated: 15 women, 25 DQ2/DQ8 (for total 40 women) 7 fertile controls previous uncomplicated pregnancies (all negative). 2 (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 negative) showed different composition Lactobacillacae family controls: Lactobacillus acidophilus was absent both samples while Lactobaciluus iners, which favor less stable microbiota, found only (26.4% 22.1% districts. In conclusion, positive-RPL negative-RPL controls.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus crispatus‐dominated vaginal microbiome and Acinetobacter‐dominated seminal microbiome support beneficial ART outcome

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(7), P. 921 - 934

Published: May 23, 2023

Despite the considerable progress made in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), implantation rate of transferred embryos remains low and many cases, reasons for failure remain unclear. We aimed to determine potential impact female male partners' tract microbiome composition on ART outcome.The couples (n = 97) healthy 12) were recruited into study. The smaller group underwent a careful selection according their general health criteria. Both vaginal semen samples subjected 16S rDNA sequencing reveal bacterial diversity identify distinct microbial community types. Ethics statement study was approved by Review Committee Human Research Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia (protocol no. 193/T-16) 31 May 2010. Participation research voluntary. Written informed consent obtained from all participants.The men with Acinetobacter-associated who had children past, highest success (P < 0.05). women vaginosis L. iners-predominant gasseri-predominant lower than crispatus-predominant or mixed lactic-acid-bacteria-predominant type 15 where both partners beneficial types superior 53%, when compared rest (25%; P 0.023).Microbiome disturbances genital tend be associated couple's infertility as well levels may thus need attention before procedure. incorporation genitourinary screening part diagnostic evaluation process become routine patients if our results are confirmed other studies.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the role of female reproductive tract microbiome in reproductive health: a review

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 18, 2024

Relevant studies increasingly indicate that female reproductive health is confronted with substantial challenges. Emerging research has revealed the microbiome interacts anatomy, histology, and immunity of tract, which are cornerstone maintaining preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, precise mechanisms underlying their interaction impact on physiological functions tract remain elusive, constituting a prominent area investigation within field microecology. From this new perspective, we explore interactions between factors affect composition in as well personalized medicine approaches managing based microbiome. This study highlights pivotal role influencing occurrence diseases. These findings support exploration innovative for prevention, monitoring treatment diseases

Language: Английский

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Review of the evidence of the effects of human papillomavirus infection and Gardnerella vaginalis, and their co-infection on infertility

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 105980 - 105980

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Chronic alcohol-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and gut metabolites impairs sperm quality in mice

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Studies have indicated that the ethanol exposure impairs gut microbiota, At same time, high levels of alcohol damage sperm in mice. However, whether microbiota is involved mediating effects on quality remains unclear. This study aimed to assess effect chronic consumption intestinal mice and analyze potential pathophysiological altered quality. We established a mouse model by allowing male C57 freely ingest 10% for 10 weeks, collected fecal drinking group (alcohol) control (control) transplanted specimens into transplant groups (the alcohol-fecal transplantation [FMT] control-FMT group). Sperm was significantly decreased alcohol-FMT compared with group. Gut analysis revealed abundance 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) Nontargeted metabolomics identified 105 differentially metabolites, which were mainly annotated amino acids, lipids, glycerophosphoethanolamine, organic oxygenic compounds, acids their derivatives, steroids, flavonoids. In particular, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, key spermatogenesis, enriched Moreover, group, presented higher serum endotoxin inflammatory cytokine levels, more pronounced T cell macrophage infiltration lamina propria elevated testicular cytokines. addition, RNA sequencing showed significant differences expression testis-related genes between gamete meiosis, mitochondrial function, division cycle reduced conclusion, these findings dysbiosis induced may be an important factor contributing impaired Chronic induces dysbiosis, then leads metabolic disorders, inflammation, abnormal related genes, ultimately, These are potentially useful treatment infertility.

Language: Английский

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