Neurocircuitry of aggression and aggression seeking behavior: nose poking into brain circuitry controlling aggression

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 184 - 191

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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The prevalence of religiosity and association between religiosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Africa

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. e0211322 - e0211322

Published: Feb. 13, 2019

Alcohol and other drug use (AOD) risky sexual behaviours remain high among adolescents in South Africa globally. Religiosity influences, mitigates provides resilience against engaging young people but few African studies have explored potential associations between religiosity, AOD sex. We report the prevalence of religiosity association learners Western Cape Province, Africa.Between May August 2011, a cross sectional survey was conducted 20 227 from 240 public schools randomly selected through stratified multistage sampling design to determine risk behaviours. performed univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses assess behaviours.The were aged 10-23 years. Almost three quarters (74%) reported (defined as attending religious services or activities at least 1-2 times month). More female than male had religiosity. The past 30 day alcohol, tobacco cannabis 23%, 19% 8% respectively. Compared with low those less likely engage use: specifically alcohol use, (AOR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.97), 0.76, 0.67-0.87), 0.57, 0.48-0.68) last days. They also 0.90, 0.81-0.99).Religiosity associated lower odds Cape. This calls for further exploration on how incorporate into behaviour interventions.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Impact of War, Civil War, and Persecution in Civilian Populations—Conflict and Post-Traumatic Stress in African Communities

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

This chapter describes how chronic conflict, warfare, and persecution, as lived experiences, have created significant mental distress in communities on the African continent. There is a growing body of research that highlights increasing Africa e.g., about sexuality, health, disease, modernity, climate, politics, culture, religion, ethnicities, race, economies etc. Many these stresses uncertainties are driven by political war, conflict. has shaped many people's attitudes government policies an scholarly interest exploring "uncertainties distresses Africa." The will show trauma, seen conflict/post-conflict settings Africa, causes stress associated social problems well medically-defined PTSD syndromes, anxiety, depression which cause much morbidity retard development communities. Taking classical look at post-traumatic disorder, PTSD, explores presentation various physical clinical syndromes related to war-trauma continent consequent health-seeking behaviors peoples this regard. term "culture-bound syndromes" be introduced discussed broader context treatment, rehabilitation, prevention worldwide. It also discuss dilemma vicious cycles trauma appetitive aggression today's portends further socio-economic drives trans-generational perpetuation ethnic-based conflicts including genocides. Despite mass traumatization, points virtual absence post-conflict health almost all countries, hence leading discussions "best-practices" recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between childhood abuse and substance misuse problems is mediated by substance use coping motives, in school attending South African adolescents

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 69 - 74

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

In adults, it has been shown that the relationship between childhood abuse and substance misuse problems is mediated by belief use helps cope with negative affective states. By contrast, in adolescents, unknown whether drug coping motives play this same mediating role.Secondary analysis of 1149 school attending adolescents Cape Town, South Africa (average age = 16.24 years, range 13-23; 60% female). Questionnaire measures obtained during a single test session (among larger battery) assessed trauma (CTQ), alcohol (AUDIT) (DUDIT), orientation (A-COPE) which contained three items assessing to affect.The types measured CTQ - emotional, physical sexual were positively associated greater alcohol/drug problems, motives. Drug relationships these mediational pathways remained significant when gender other subscales A-COPE included as covariates.These data are preliminary insofar non-validated subscale A-COPE. Nevertheless, affect all (emotional, physical, sexual) adolescents. The implication prevention programs for risk group should seek mitigate

Language: Английский

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Trauma exposure and mental health of prisoners and ex-prisoners: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 102069 - 102069

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

The present meta-analytic review examined the associations between different forms of trauma and mental disorders among prisoners ex-prisoners. Studies published from 1998 to March 31 2021 were identified by searching PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline Web Science. Data meta-analyzed using a random-effect model. Moderator mediator analyses conducted. protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181587). We 62 studies (50 non-duplicated samples) with 15,115 (97.86%) 330 (2.14%) ex-prisoners 16 countries. A multi-level meta-analysis found that overall positively associated more diagnoses or symptoms (Zr = 0.198, 95% CI [0.167, 0.229], p < 0.001). Stronger effect sizes childhood 0.357, [0.147, 0.568], 0.01) sexual 0.326, [0.216, 0.435], 0.001) stress-related disorders. Multilevel moderator analysis showed size stronger imprisonment (β 0.247, [0.177, 0.316], 0.01), mixed 0.234, [0.196, 0.272], 0.001), 0.261, [0.214, 0.307], 0.01). Associations mediated social support but not coping. Our findings provide an evidence base for future research on impact inform assessments interventions correctional settings.

Language: Английский

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Loss and Frontal Striatal Reactivities Characterize Alcohol Use Severity and Rule-Breaking Behavior in Young Adult Drinkers

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 1007 - 1016

Published: June 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of mortality caused by injuries at Livingstone University Hospital, Zambia. A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0314068 - e0314068

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Background Trauma is a major global public health issue, with an annual death toll of approximately 5 million, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Zambia bears significant burden trauma-related mortalities, contributing to 7% all deaths 1 in premature the country. Despite trauma our country, few studies have been conducted, most focusing on high-population centers, there lack epidemiological data region. Therefore, aim was estimate proportion caused by injuries at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, tertiary hospital located Zambia’s southern province. Methods We conducted retrospective cross-sectional study from June 22, 2020, 2021, among 956 individuals month old (29 days age) 100 years. Demographic clinical were collected patient’s records Accident Emergency department. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi square, mann-whitney test multivariable logistic using forward stepwise generalized linear model equations (GLM) identified factors associated mortality, significance level set p < 0.05. analyzed STATA version 15. Results Among participants, median age 26 years (interquartile range (IQR) 15, 37) majority males (74.2%, n = 709). Prevalence mortality 1.0% (n 10). The burns (60%, 6), violence (30%, 3), traffic accidents (10%, 1). those who died, occurred home (90%, 9), followed road 1) as result 6) community 3). Survivors had significantly higher treatment costs (ZMK 9,837 vs. ZMK 6,037, p<0.005). Having (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.09, p< 0.001) stay one day 1.04, 1.02, positively while more than five 0.98, 0.96, 0.99, 0.002) negatively mortality. Conclusion prevalence due relatively low, experiencing multiple traumas. Burns common cause death, occurring within hospitalization. findings underscore need for targeted preventive measures, improved access quality emergency care, rehabilitation services, especially patients burns.

Language: Английский

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Appetitive Aggression: Progress and Challenges in a Multidimensional Perspective

Advances in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(02), P. 67 - 74

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa

Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Illicit drug abuse and addiction are universal issues requiring international cooperation interdisciplinary multisectoral solutions. These addictive substances utilized for recreational purposes worldwide, including in sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, conventional wastewater treatment facilities such as waste stabilization ponds lack design to remove most recent classes of pollutants illicit abuse. As a result, effluents from these schemes contaminate entire ecosystem. Public health officials concerned about detecting at alarming levels some countries, with potential undesirable effects on aquatic species increased hazards through exposure contaminated waters or recycling treated untreated agriculture. Contaminants enter environment by human excreta following illegal intake, spills, direct dumping, clandestine laboratories, when their manufacturer does not follow accepted production processes. substances, like pharmaceuticals, have biological activity range pseudopersistent highly persistent compounds; hence, they persist while causing harm The presence powerful pharmacological agents cocaine, morphine, amphetamine water complex combinations can impair organisms health. compounds beings ecosystem apart low environmental levels. Therefore, this article examines ecological compartments wastewater, surface ground Africa, latent impact information occurrences drugs metabolic products Africa contribution pharmaceutical load is missing. In case, it important research further presence, levels, distribution, risks

Language: Английский

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Appetitive and reactive aggression are differentially associated with the STin2 genetic variant in the serotonin transporter gene

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 24, 2018

Appetitive aggression is a sub-category of instrumental aggression, characterised by the primary intrinsic enjoyment aggressive activity. Aggression heritable, and serotonergic monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems have been found to contribute underlying molecular mechanisms. The aim this study was investigate role that genetic variants in serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes play aetiology appetitive South African Xhosa males (n = 290). SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, rs25531, STin2 variants, as well MAOA-uVNTR were investigated for their association with levels using Poisson regression analysis. VNTR12 allele be associated increased (p 0.003), but decreased reactive 7 × 10-5). This first underpinnings population, preliminary evidence suggesting SCL6A4 its aetiology, may also important differentiating between aggression. Although results require replication, they shed some light on dichotomy underlie two forms

Language: Английский

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