Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 720 - 735

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, habit strong stimulus-response associations, or compulsion insensitivity to costs imposed on seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory supported dependence severity being associated with greater choice/economic demand. demonstrably (driven the expected of drug) can augmented stress/negative mood induction withdrawal-effects amplified those psychiatric symptoms use coping motives. Furthermore, confer risk dependence, motives mediate this risk. Habit has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen drug-exposed animals often does not occur complex decision scenarios, where responding rewarded, so unlikely explain most addictive conditions apply. studies have found propensity habitual users as function severity, minority that explained task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion also weak The persistence punished seeking better (evinced association economic demand) than costs. provided discount cost severity. These data suggest primarily under affect, less compulsion. Addiction pathological because states powerfully increase acutely outweighing abstinence goals.

Language: Английский

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Relative expected value of drugs versus competing rewards underpins vulnerability to and recovery from addiction

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 394, P. 112815 - 112815

Published: July 22, 2020

Behavioural economic theories of addiction contend that greater expected value drug relative to alternative non-drug rewards is the core mechanism underpinning vulnerability and recovery from addiction. To evaluate this claim, we exhaustively review studies with human users have measured concurrent choice between drugs vs. rewards, explored individual differences. These show can be modulated by cues, devaluation, imposition costs/punishment negative mood induction. Regarding differences, dependence severity was reliably associated overall preference, self-reported use cope affect sensitivity induced increases in choice. By contrast, there were no reliable differences effect devaluation or punishment on findings provide insight into mechanisms underpin dependence: conferred ascribed drugs, further augmented affective states those who report coping motives. However, does not appear characterised abnormal cue-reactivity, habit learning compulsion. We then briefly emerging literature which demonstrates therapeutic interventions might attributed changes versus rewards. Finally, outline a speculative computational account distortions decision-making precede action selection addiction, explain how provides blueprint for future research determinants choice, treatment conclude unified has great promise reconciling diverse theories, neuropsychological evaluation underlying decision fruitful area treatment.

Language: Английский

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Factors associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption as a coping strategy to deal with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown in Spain

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 107003 - 107003

Published: June 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Intimate partner violence, substance use, and health comorbidities among women: A narrative review

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, aggression, and/or stalking, impacts overall health can have lasting mental physical consequences. Substance misuse is common among individuals exposed IPV, IPV-exposed women (IPV-EW) are at-risk for transitioning from substance use disorder (SUD) demonstrate greater SUD symptom severity; this too Moreover, brain injury highly prevalent in IPV-EW also associated with risk of SUD. misuse, diagnoses, injury, which comorbid, increase revictimization. Determining the interaction between these factors on outcomes quality life remains a critical need. This narrative review uses multidisciplinary perspective foster further discussion research area by examining how patterns cloud identification treatment IPV. We draw past knowledge our team researchers provide recommendations facilitate access resources strategies highlight intervention capable addressing varied complex needs IPV-EW.

Language: Английский

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Population-Based Estimates of Associations Between Child Maltreatment Types: A Meta-Analysis

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 487 - 496

Published: July 19, 2021

Although it is accepted that experiences of child maltreatment are multidimensional and often include several correlated but distinct experiences, many clinical research decisions regarding exposure treatment do not consider their potential overlap or independence. The purpose this meta-analysis—using a single retrospective self-report measure, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), in population-representative samples—was to investigate magnitude specificity associations between forms maltreatment. A systematic review studies available on PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar was conducted, resulting inclusion nine journal articles, 11 independent samples, 25,415 participants. Data were converted from Pearson correlations Z statistics pooled using random effects model. All types positively significantly associated. Effect sizes varied medium large, with (1) physical abuse emotional ( = 0.72, 95% CI [.48, .96]), (2) neglect 0.62, [.43, .81]), (3) 0.54, [.35, .72]) demonstrating strongest associations. These analyses provide evidence maltreatment, indicate likelihood shared risk, point characteristics may link different findings have important implications as they help guide comprehensive screening for associated well intervention prevention efforts. Limitations relatively few included those CTQ—a retrospective, measure does account concurrence experiences.

Language: Английский

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Exploring social impairment in those with opioid use disorder: linking impulsivity, childhood trauma, and the prefrontal cortex

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Background Challenges with social functioning, which is a hallmark of opioid use disorder (OUD), are drawback in treatment adherence and maintenance. Yet, little research has explored the underlying mechanisms this impairment. Impulsivity corresponding neural alterations may be at center issue. Childhood adversity, been linked to both impulsivity poorer outcomes, could also affect relationship. This study explores relationship between impulsivity, their correlates prefrontal cortex, while examining potential moderating effects childhood trauma individuals recovering from OUD. Methods Participants ( N = 16) without 19) impairment completed survey (e.g., Barrat’s Scale, Adverse Experiences (ACEs) cognitive tasks undergoing neuroimaging. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), modern, portable, wearable low-cost neuroimaging technology, was used measure cortex activity during behavioral inhibition task (Go/No-Go task). Results Those who functioning scores indicated n scored significantly higher on scale (t [33]= -3.4, p < 0.01) reported more depressive symptoms [33] -2.8, than those reporting no 19). Social negatively correlated r =-0.7, 0.001), such that increased corresponded decreased functioning. emerged as moderator relationship, but only when controlling for depression, B=-0.11, 0.023. Although groups had comparable Go/No-Go performance, socially impaired group displayed greater activation dorsolateral (F(1,100.8) 7.89, 0.01), ventrolateral (F(1,88.8) 7.33, ventromedial (F(1,95.6) 7.56, duringthe task. Conclusion In addition being impulsive, exhibited Furthermore, impact varies depending ACEs, levels ACEs stronger negative highlighting its importance approaches. These findings have implications addressing needs recovery, personalized, integrative, trauma-informed approach intervention.

Language: Английский

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Patterns of self-reported alcohol and drug use among children and youth: Mozambique violence against children survey (VACS) 2019

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

Abstract Background Substance use among youth has significant implications for health, development, and society. In Mozambique, where form a large segment of the population, understanding prevalence factors associated with alcohol drug is essential effective public health strategies. This study aimed to assess adolescents young adults in Mozambique. Methods secondary data analysis 2019 Violence Against Children Survey (VACS), nationally representative cross-sectional survey targeting individuals aged 13–24 years. Data collection were collected using face-to-face interviews structured questionnaire. The focused on patterns self-reported identified potential socio demographic behavioral substance youth. Results overall was 29.7%, 22.5%. Among 18–24 years, significantly higher (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.9–4.9, p < 0.001) compared those 13–17 while followed similar pattern 2.4, 1.6–3.5, 0.001). Gender differences observed, females being less likely report 0.5, Marital status lower likelihood use, as married or cohabiting reported 0.6, Higher educational attainment an increased 1.8, Employment past 12 months protective against both 0.7, 0.014). Notably, who experienced sexual violence childhood consume 0.4, drugs 0.004), whose first intercourse pressured forced more engage use. Conclusion findings highlight notable socio-demographic disparities. Factors such age, gender, marital status, attainment, employment influence patterns. Additionally, traumatic experiences, including intercourse, play complex role shaping behaviors. These emphasize need integrated interventions that address prevention, mental support, socio-economic disparities reduce promote well-being Mozambique’s

Language: Английский

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Ultra-brief breath counting (mindfulness) training promotes recovery from stress-induced alcohol-seeking in student drinkers

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 106141 - 106141

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

The therapeutic effect of mindfulness interventions on problematic drinking is thought to be driven by increased resilience the impact stress negative mood and alcohol-seeking behaviour, but this claim needs empirical support. To address hypothesis, current study tested whether brief training one component - breath counting would reduce drinkers' sensitivity noise subjective behaviour. Baseline was measured choice view alcohol versus food thumbnail pictures in 192 student drinkers. Participants then received a 6-minute audio file which either trained or recited popular science extract, separate groups. All participants were stressed loud industrial again simultaneously quantify change from baseline. Subjective after all three stages (baseline, post intervention, test). group instructed deploy technique during test. Results showed that control intervention improved relative baseline, attenuated worsening produced induction, accelerated recovery induced increase Exploratory moderation analysis weaker more dependent participants. Mindfulness therapies may improve increasing alcohol-seeking, as observed study. drinkers reveal limitations strategy.

Language: Английский

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Childhood maltreatment, motives to drink and alcohol-related problems in young adulthood

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 104657 - 104657

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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‘As soon as they can hold a glass, they begin taking alcohol’: a qualitative study on early childhood substance use in Mbale District, Uganda

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Globally, substance use is a leading contributor to the burden of disease among young people, with far reaching social, economic and health effects. Following finding harmful alcohol 5-8-year-old children in Mbale District, Uganda, this study aims investigate community members' views on early childhood below age 10 years.In 2016, we conducted eight focus group discussions 48 parents 26 key informant interviews teachers, workers, distributors, traditional healers, religious leaders, leaders youth workers. We used thematic content analysis. Four participants two research assistants reviewed confirmed findings.Alcohol everyday life: 'Even laps taste alcohol': Almost all existence concern for before 10. They described context where was widespread community, especially intake local alcoholic brews. Children would access substances home or buy it themselves. Those living poor neighbourhoods slums brewers were as particularly exposed. Using cope: 'We don't want them drink': Participants explained that some cope lack food resources childcare, well traumatic experiences. This made deprived families street-connected vulnerable use. believed result seeing no alternative solution.To our knowledge, first describe conditions Uganda. The shows members attributed social which exacerbated by material emotional deprivation. These determinants practice deserve public attention intervention.

Language: Английский

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