Ecologies, synergies, and biological systems shaping human milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 2

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S28 - S42

Published: May 1, 2023

Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred food for infants during first 6 mo of life because it provides not only essential and conditionally nutrients in necessary amounts but also other biologically active components that are instrumental protecting, communicating important information to support, promoting optimal development growth infants. Despite decades research, however, multifaceted impacts human consumption on infant health far from understood a biological or physiological basis. Reasons this lack comprehensive knowledge functions numerous, including fact tend be studied isolation, although there reason believe they interact. In addition, composition can vary greatly within an individual well among populations. The objective working group Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was provide overview composition, factors impacting its variation, how may function coordinately nourish, protect, communicate complex recipient infant. Moreover, we discuss ways whereby might interact such benefits intact matrix greater than sum parts. We then apply several examples illustrate better thought system rather more simplistic "mixture" independent synergistically support health.

Language: Английский

---

Biological and Experiential Factors That Impact the Acceptance of Complementary Foods

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background:: Flavor, a complex sensation mediated by the chemical senses of taste, smell, and chemesthesis, is primary driver food acceptance. Because what we eat an important influence on health in modern societies, need to understand shapes acceptance foods from early age. Summary:: As infants transition all-milk diet one that contains complementary varying flavors textures, biological factors interact with experiences shaping or rejection these foods. Children are naturally drawn taste sweet salty. However, repeated exposures more flavors, transmitted mother’s amniotic fluid human milk, inherent infant formulas (with 8–10 more), familiarize facilitate children’s sensory properties Family members modeling eating also encourage children. Such functional plasticity, main characteristics brain, highlights ability change behavior based experience.

Language: Английский

---

Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 1

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S11 - S27

Published: May 1, 2023

The goal of Working Group 1 in the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to outline factors influencing biological processes governing human milk secretion and evaluate our current knowledge these processes. Many regulate mammary gland development utero, during puberty, pregnancy, through secretory activation, at weaning. These include breast anatomy, vasculature, diet, lactating parent's hormonal milieu including estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone. We examine effects time day postpartum interval on secretion, along with role mechanisms parent-infant interactions bonding, particular attention actions oxytocin pleasure systems brain. then consider potential clinical conditions infection, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, cardiovascular health, inflammatory states, mastitis, particularly, gestational diabetes obesity. Although we know a great deal about transporter by which zinc calcium pass from blood stream into milk, cellular localization transporters that carry substrates such as glucose, amino acids, copper, many other trace metals present across plasma intracellular membranes require more research. pose question how cultured alveolar cells animal models can help answer lingering questions regulation secretion. raise parent infant microbiome immune system development, molecules protection pathogens. Finally, effect medications, recreational illicit drugs, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals composition, emphasizing this area needs much research attention.

Language: Английский

---

Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 4

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S61 - S86

Published: May 1, 2023

Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by infant within a complex matrix that enhances bioavailability many those nutrients. In addition, human is source bioactive components, living cells and microbes facilitate transition to life outside womb. Our ability fully appreciate importance this relies on recognition short- long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among lactating parent breastfed well context itself). Designing interpreting studies address complexity depends availability new tools technologies account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared formula, which has provided some insight into bioactivity milk, whole, or individual components supplemented with formula. However, experimental approach cannot capture contributions ecology, interaction between these matrix, significance itself enhance outcomes interest. This paper presents approaches explore biological system functional implications components. Specifically, we discuss study design data collection considerations how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, systems biology could be applied advance our understanding critical aspect biology.

Language: Английский

---

The “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Project – executive summary

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S1 - S10

Published: May 1, 2023

The public health community has come to appreciate that a deeper understanding of the biology human milk is essential address ongoing and emerging questions about infant feeding practices. critical pieces are 1) complex biological system, matrix many interacting parts more than sum those parts, 2) production needs be studied as an ecology consists inputs from lactating parent, their breastfed baby, respective environments. "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Project was designed examine this well its functional implications for both parent explore ways in which knowledge can expanded via targeted research agenda translated support community's efforts ensure safe, efficacious, context-specific practices United States globally. five working groups BEGIN addressed following themes: parental composition; components interactions within system; 3) matrix, emphasizing bidirectional relationships associated with breastfeeding dyad; 4) application existing new technologies methodologies study 5) approaches translation implementation safe efficacious

Language: Английский

---

An equitable, community-engaged translational framework for science in human lactation and infant feeding—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 5

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S87 - S105

Published: May 1, 2023

Human milk is the ideal source of nutrition for most infants, but significant gaps remain in our understanding human biology. As part addressing these gaps, Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project Working Groups 1-4 interrogated state knowledge regarding infant-human milk-lactating parent triad. However, to optimize impact newly generated across all stages research, need remained a translational research framework specific field. Thus, with inspiration from simplified environmental sciences Kaufman and Curl, Group 5 BEGIN developed science lactation infant feeding, which includes nonlinear, interconnected stages, T1: Discovery; T2: health implications; T3: Clinical public T4: Implementation; T5: Impact. The accompanied by 6 overarching principles: 1) Research spans continuum nonhierarchical manner; 2) Projects engage interdisciplinary teams continuous collaboration cross talk; 3) Priorities study designs incorporate diverse range contextual factors; 4) include community stakeholders outset through purposeful, ethical, equitable engagement; 5) conceptual models respectful care birthing address implications lactating parent; 6) real-world settings account factors surrounding feeding milk, including exclusivity mode feeding. To demonstrate application presented its principles, case studies are included, each illustrating framework. Applying approach an important step toward aligned goals optimizing contexts as well all.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiota during pregnancy and early life: role in maternal−neonatal outcomes based on human evidence

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Here, we explored the vast potential of microbiome-based interventions in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, allergies, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, malnutrition, cardiovascular across different life stages. We discuss intricate relationship between microbiome emphasizing on "window opportunity" for microbe–host interactions during first years after birth. Specific biotics also live biotherapeutics fecal microbiota transplantation emerge as pivotal tools precision medicine, acknowledging "one size doesn't' fit all" aspect. Challenges implementation underscore need advanced technologies, scientific transparency, public engagement. Future perspectives advocate understanding maternal−neonatal microbiome, exploring maternal exposome delving into human milk's role establishment restoration infant its influence over health disease. An integrated approach, employing multi-omics accounting inter-individual variance composition function appears central to unleash full early-life revolutionizing healthcare.

Language: Английский

---

Circadian Variation in Human Milk Hormones and Macronutrients

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3729 - 3729

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

There is an inadequate understanding of the daily variations in hormones and macronutrients human milk (HM), sample collection protocols vary considerably from study to study. To investigate changes these components across 24 h, 22 lactating women collected small samples before after each breastfeed or expression breast. Test weighing was used determine volume HM consumed feed. The concentrations leptin, adiponectin, insulin, fat, glucose were measured, intakes calculated. A linear mixed model fitted assess within-feed circadian variation feed concentration, several components. average infant intake 879 g/24 h. Significantly higher pre-feed found for adiponectin lower post-feed insulin fat. Significant rhythms displayed (both concentration intake), fat volume. These findings demonstrate necessity setting up standardised rigorous sampling procedures that consider both gain a more precise impacts on health, growth development.

Language: Английский

---

Composition of Microbiota in Transient and Mature Human Milk: Significant Changes in Large for Gestational Age Group

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 208 - 208

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

The composition of the human milk (HM) microbiota and, consequently, microorganisms that are passed on to infant through breastfeeding, can be influenced by various factors such as mother’s health and diet, gestational age, delivery mode, lactation stage, method feeding, geographical location. aim Human Milk-Gest Study was compare transient (postpartum 7–15 days) mature HM 45–90 44 mothers, investigate any potential changes associated with preterm birth, mode delivery, birth weight in relation age. data were classified into five study groups: normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T) newborns, cesarean (CS-T) (PT) newborns (with a age less than 37 weeks), small for (SGA) large (LGA) newborns. An analysis differential abundance conducted using ANCOM-BC microbial genera between samples well other groups. A significant difference detected at different sampling times groups (p < 0.01). In samples, Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, Pelomonas significantly dominant LGA group compared NS-T, CS-T, PT, SGA Pelomonas, Klebsiella PT groups, while group. Differences also SGA, but no differences occurred NS-T conclusion, we showed continued HM. body mass index (BMI) mothers not >30 conception, however, maternal BMI gain during pregnancy higher nutritional is specifically designed meet requirements early life. Evaluating effects short- long-term larger studies would useful.

Language: Английский

---

Feasibility of Using Point-of-Care Biomarkers of Secretory Activation to Address Early, Unplanned Weaning Among Healthy, Term Dyads in Community Settings: A Pilot Study

Breastfeeding Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Background: Delayed and/or impaired secretory activation (SA) achievement is a risk factor for early unplanned lactation cessation. This pilot study (1) evaluated the feasibility of in-home daily milk collection; (2) compared maternal self-report breast fullness with mother's own (MOM) biomarkers SA; and (3) examined SA patterns in association outcomes through 3 months postpartum. Methods: Twelve mother-infant dyads were enrolled at term (median gestational age (GA) = 39.9 weeks, range 38.3-41.1 weeks). After birth, participants self-reported collected samples week. Infant weight gain intake by test-weights assessed postpartum during week 1 routine infant outpatient visit again 2 home visit. Milk tested sodium (Na) potassium (K) using portable ion selective electrodes. Timing was denoted as first day self-rated ≥ 3, Na concentration < 12 mmol/L, or Na/K ratio 0.6. Breastfeeding duration exclusivity measured 1, 2, Results: By 6, all mothers achievement, while only 72-82% achieved MOM biomarkers. Cohen's kappa between timing showed lack agreement (κ 0.05 0.08), but high 0.87). Three emerged (mature stable, impermanent, delayed) implications loss/gain These not associated breastfeeding this highly motivated sample. Conclusion: are feasible have significant potential use community settings.

Language: Английский

---