The Interplay Between Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Immunological System in Human Reproduction

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 16, 2020

In the last decade, microbiota, or set of microorganisms living in and on human body, has increasingly being attracting attention researchers medical field. Indeed, since completion Human Microbiome Project, knowledge interest function microbiota health disease, also through study its combined genomes, microbiome, been steadily expanding. One less explored field microbiome research female reproductive tract. Research mainly from past decade suggests that microbial communities residing tract represent a large proportion network appear to be involved failure pregnancy complications. Overall, such increasing efforts have brought about new scientific evidence, as well technological methodological challenges, detection techniques analysis methods are far standardized. A further hurdle is understanding complex host-microbiota interaction confounding effect multitude constitutional environmental factors. key regulator seems immune system during peri-conceptional stage, even more so pregnancy, modulates this interaction. This review aims at summarizing current literature describing composition microbiotas different anatomical locations (vagina, cervix, endometrium placenta). We discuss putative mechanisms between aspects focusing characteristic immunological changes normal pregnancy. Furthermore, we how abnormal "dysbiosis" linked spectrum clinical disorders related maternal involved. Finally, based data presented review, future perspectives diagnostic approaches therapeutic opportunities explored.

Language: Английский

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Fetal meconium does not have a detectable microbiota before birth

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 865 - 873

Published: May 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Female Gut and Genital Tract Microbiota-Induced Crosstalk and Differential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Immune Sequelae

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

The gut and genital tract microbiota of females represent very complex biological ecosystems that are in continuous communication with each other. crosstalk between these two impacts host physiological, immunological metabolic homeostasis vice versa. vaginal evolved through a translocation species from the to vagina or mother-to-child transfer during delivery. Though organisms retain their physio-biochemical characteristics while vagina, immune responses elicited by by-products appear be at variance those gut. This has critical implications for gynecological, reproductive as well overall wellbeing extension her offspring. homeostatic immunomodulatory effects bacterial fermentation products (short chain fatty acids, SCFAs) better understood compared tract. While SCFAs prevent leakage bacteria circulation (leaky gut) consequent systemic inflammation (anti-inflammatory/protective role); they have been shown exhibit dysbiotic proinflammatory can lead unfavorable gynecological outcomes. Therefore, this review was conceived critically examine correlation female microbiota. Secondly, we explored patterns respective niches; thirdly, described diverse on rectal ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Microbiota, Early Life Colonization and Breast Milk Drive Immune Development in the Newborn

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 13, 2021

The innate immune system is the oldest protection strategy that conserved across all organisms. Although having an unspecific action, it first and fastest defense mechanism against pathogens. Development of predominantly adaptive takes place after birth. However, some key components evolve during prenatal period life, which endows newborn with ability to mount response pathogenic invaders directly Undoubtedly, crosstalk between maternal cells, antibodies, dietary antigens, microbial metabolites originating from microbiota are players in preparing neonate's immunity outer world. Birth represents biggest substantial environmental change where leaves protective amniotic sac exposed for time a countless variety microbes. Colonization body surfaces commences, including skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract, leading establishment commensal maturation system, hence lifelong health. Pregnancy, birth, consumption breast milk shape development coordination microbiota. Discrepancies these fine-tuned interactions each developmental stage can have long-term effects on disease susceptibility, such as metabolic syndrome, childhood asthma, or autoimmune type 1 diabetes. In this review, we will give overview recent studies by discussing multifaceted emergence line importance early life exposure intake.

Language: Английский

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Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 698 - 761

Published: March 5, 2021

There is increasing knowledge regarding the role of microbiome in modulating brain and behaviour. Indeed, actions microbial metabolites are key for appropriate gut-brain communication humans. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence involvement various aspects function With identification neuroactive modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets. We identified 278 studies relating human microbiota-gut-brain axis which included sequencing data. This spanned across psychiatric neurological disorders with a small number also focused on normal behavioural development. consistent bioinformatics pipeline, thirty-five datasets were reanalysed from publicly available raw files remainder summarised collated. studies, we uncovered disease-related alterations metabolic pathways Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, anxiety depression. Amongst that could not reanalysed, many technical limitations hindered discovery specific biomarkers microbes or conserved studies. Future warranted confirm our findings. propose guidelines future analysis increase reproducibility consistency within field.

Language: Английский

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Gut Dysbiosis Promotes Preeclampsia by Regulating Macrophages and Trophoblasts

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 131(6), P. 492 - 506

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes maternal and perinatal morbidity characterized by hypertension, inflammation, placental dysfunction. Gut microbiota plays key roles in inflammation hypertension. However, its mechanisms preeclampsia have not been fully elucidated. Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeted metabolomics were conducted on stool samples from 92 preeclamptic patients 86 normal late-pregnant women. Then, fecal transplantation vitro vivo functional experiments performed to explore gut development. Results: We revealed dysbiosis patients, including significant reductions short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria acids. The significantly exacerbated pathologies symptoms rats, whereas healthy pregnant women had protective effects. Akkermansia muciniphila , propionate, or butyrate alleviated rats. Mechanistically, they promoted autophagy M2 polarization macrophages bed, thereby suppressing inflammation. Propionate also trophoblast invasion, improved spiral arterial remodeling. Additionally, we identified a marker set consisting Oscillibacter acids that could accurately diagnose preeclampsia. Conclusions: Our study an important etiology their active metabolites great potential for treatment diagnosis findings enrich gut–placenta axis theory contribute development microecological products

Language: Английский

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Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 772 - 786

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and used as a biomarker target in disease prevention intervention. Currently, the vital role of pregnant women newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss interplay corresponding immune mechanism between mothers their offspring during perinatal period. We aim present comprehensive picture microbial transmission potential imprinting before after delivery. addition, possibility utero colonisation pregnancy, which highly debated recent studies, highlight importance infant development first 3 years life. This holistic view infants will refine our current understanding pregnancy complications well early life greatly facilitate microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis treatment mother-infant-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 35 - 45

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Colonization and development of the gut microbiome in calves

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 9, 2023

Abstract Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are crucial for growth health calves. In this review, we summarized colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function microbiota, barrier, evolution core microbiota in calves different ages. Homeostasis is nutritional system Disruption leads to digestive diseases calves, such as diarrhea intestinal inflammation. Microbiota already exists calf fetuses, colonization continues change dynamically under influence various factors, which include probiotics, diet, age, genotype. depends on interaction between The abundance diversity these commensal stabilize play a critical role

Language: Английский

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Impact of the mother's gut microbiota on infant microbiome and brain development

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 105195 - 105195

Published: April 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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