Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 109(11), P. 2709 - 2719

Published: July 23, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player development obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), syndrome (MS), cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into intricate roles mechanisms GM these conditions, offering insights potential therapeutic strategies targeting microbiota. review elucidates diversity human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, energy metabolism. Studies show that dysbiosis linked to increased extraction, altered pathways, inflammation, contributing obesity, MS, T2D. interplay between dietary habits composition explored, underscoring influence diet on microbial functions. Additionally, addresses impact common medications interventions like fecal transplantation composition. evidence so far advocates for further research delineate modulation mitigating diseases, emphasizing necessity clinical trials establish effective sustainable treatment protocols.

Language: Английский

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Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during first three years life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances establishment process may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes this critical period life as well factors that affect development. Based on and animal data, we conclude early-life a determinant long-term impacting physiological, metabolic, processes. field faces challenges. Some challenges are technical, such lack standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, outdated sequencing technologies. Other methodological: small sample sizes, longitudinal studies, poor control confounding variables. To address limitations, advocate more robust research methodologies better understand microbiome's health disease. Improved methods will lead reliable studies deeper understanding impact outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome as a major function of the gastrointestinal tract and its implication in micronutrient metabolism and chronic diseases

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 30 - 45

Published: March 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Folic acid supplementation in European women of reproductive age and during pregnancy with excessive weight: a systematic review

Reproductive Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Neural tube defects (NTDs), well-known consequences of folate deficiency, are the second most common cause serious birth defects, affecting approximately one in a thousand pregnancies Europe. Maternal deficiency before conception and during early pregnancy has been suggested as important preventable risk factor for NTDs; thus women should be supplemented with 0.4 mg folic acid (FA) until first trimester gestation. Findings have described positive association between elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) defect risk; data on plasma levels pregnant obesity shown values lower than recommended because state chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting increased metabolic demands. Nowadays, disparities exist regarding dose FA at risk, including childbearing age excessive weight. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate if European age/pregnant overweight/obesity according current country-specific recommendations whether dosage 5 is effective preventing NTDs. The Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. An electronic database search manuscripts was carried out Web Sciences, PubMed Medline. quality included studies assessed by using Quality Assessment Diverse Studies statement. Out 1718 records identified, 8 met all inclusion criteria. Overall, results showed that adherent ranged 4% 9.5%. Furthermore, majority (61%) started supplementation after conception, highlighting not particularly period greatest need. scarce adherence shows an urgent need standardize across countries. Particularly, excess weight monitored assessing serum folate, RBC homocysteine developing tailored protocols, counteract occurrence

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Maternal Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy on Fetal Gut–Brain Axis Development and Life-Long Health Outcomes

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2199 - 2199

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is specifically modified to meet the demands of individual stages during pregnancy. Maternal gut uniquely adapted pregnancy mother developing fetus. Both animal studies pregnant germ-free rodents human have supported association between composition maternal fetal development. may also contribute development gut-brain axis (GBA), which increasingly recognized for its health disease. Most consider birth as time GBA activation focus on postnatal This review focuses prenatal period impact It hypothesized that adaptation maturation postnatally. Consequently, factors affecting pregnancy, such obesity, diet, stress depression, infection, medication, affect are activity Altered gestation has been shown long-term postnatally multigenerational effects. Thus, understanding crucial managing fetal, neonatal, adult health, should be included among public priorities.

Language: Английский

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Placental Epigenome Impacts Fetal Development: Effects of Maternal Nutrients and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1860 - 1860

Published: June 13, 2024

Evidence is emerging on the role of maternal diet, gut microbiota, and other lifestyle factors in establishing lifelong health disease, which are determined by transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Understanding mechanisms may help identify novel biomarkers for gestation-related exposure, burden, or disease risk. Such essential developing tools early detection risk exposure levels. It necessary to establish an threshold due nutrient deficiencies environmental that can result clinically relevant alterations modulate risks fetus. This narrative review summarizes latest updates roles nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins) microbiota placental epigenome its impacts fetal brain development. unravels potential functional targeted intervention ensure optimal development performance later life.

Language: Английский

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Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 845 - 845

Published: July 13, 2023

Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% pregnancies occur overweight or obese women. described maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to increased risk developing many chronic diseases early stage life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD main cause death worldwide among men women, it manifested a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition MO during gestation could prompt development through adaptations offspring's system womb, cardiac epigenetic persistent metabolic programming signaling pathways modulation mitochondrial function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions prevent deleterious function by obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss mechanisms which intrauterine environment program metabolism way, with special focus on function, debate possible strategies implement pregnancy ameliorate, revert, even effects system. The impact physical exercise pregnancy, nutritional interventions, supplementation discussed, highlighting changes may be favorable health, might result attenuation prevention offspring. objectives manuscript comprehensively examine various aspects explore underlying contribute We review current literature its cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, potential long-term consequences for Understanding multifaceted health crucial healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers develop intervention improve care.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol treatment improves metabolic profile and decreases hypothalamic inflammation caused by maternal obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 9, 2023

The implications of maternal overnutrition on offspring metabolic and neuroimmune development are well-known. Increasing evidence now suggests that obesity poor dietary habits during pregnancy lactation can increase the risk central peripheral dysregulation in offspring, but mechanisms not sufficiently established. Furthermore, despite many studies addressing preventive measures targeted at mother, very few propose practical approaches to treat damages when they already installed.Here we investigated potential cannabidiol (CBD) treatment attenuate effects induced by a cafeteria diet hypothalamic inflammation profile Wistar rats.We have observed range imbalances sex-dependant manner, with higher deposition visceral white adipose tissue, increased plasma fasting glucose lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels both sexes, serum cholesterol triglycerides only occurred females, while insulin homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was male offspring. We also found an overexpression pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 6, 1β hypothalamus, trademark neuroinflammation. Interestingly, expression GFAP, marker for astrogliosis, reduced obese mothers, indicating adaptive mechanism utero Treatment 50 mg/kg CBD oil oral gavage able reduce tissue revert resistance males, LPS TNFα IL6 hypothalamus sexes.Together, these results indicate intricate interplay between counterparts pathogenicity therapeutic CBD. In this context, impairment internal circuitry caused neuroinflammation runs tandem disruptions important processes, which be attenuated ends.

Language: Английский

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Association of methyl donor nutrients dietary intake and sleep disorders in the elderly revealed by the intestinal microbiome

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 6335 - 6346

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Currently, sleep disorders (SD) in the elderly are gaining prominence globally and becoming a significant public health concern. Methyl donor nutrients (MDNs), such as vitamin B6, B12, folate, choline, have been reported to potential improve disorders. Moreover, MDNs help maintain gut flora homeostasis, closely associated with development of SD. Nevertheless, there has lack comprehensive human studies examining association between intake In our study, we comprehensively evaluated SD used 16S rRNA gene sequencing explore underlying mechanism. We found that group (n = 91) had lower methyl-donor nutritional quality index (MNQI) trend toward compared control 147). Based on intestinal microbiome, beta diversity was higher high (HQ) low (LQ) group, it group. This suggests may regulate by modulating abundance distribution microbiota. Subsequently, performed correlation analyses relative microbiota, intake, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), identifying five genera regulatory roles. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated energy metabolism one-carbon might be pathways through which modulate sleep. study offers dietary guidance strategies for managing provides insights targeted microbiota intervention.

Language: Английский

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Association of Methyl Donor Nutrients’ Dietary Intake and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Based on the Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 2061 - 2061

Published: June 28, 2024

Globally, cognitive impairment (CI) is the leading cause of disability and dependency among elderly, presenting a significant public health concern. However, there currently deficiency in pharmacological interventions that can effectively cure or significantly reverse progression impairment. Methyl donor nutrients (MDNs), including folic acid, choline, vitamin B12, have been identified as potential enhancers function. Nevertheless, remains dearth comprehensive research investigating connection between dietary intake MDNs CI. In our study, we comprehensively assessed relationship MDNs’ CI older adults, utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate underlying mechanisms. The results showed an obvious difference methyl-donor nutritional quality index (MNQI) dementia (D) group dementia-free (DF) group. Specifically, was lower MNQI D than DF For gut microbiome, beta diversity flora exhibited higher levels high (HQ) opposed low (LQ) group, comparison Subsequently, performed correlation analysis examine relative abundance microbiota, MDNs, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, ultimately identifying ten genera with regulatory functions. Additionally, KEGG pathway analyses suggested one-carbon metabolism, chronic inflammation, DNA synthesis potentially serve pathways through which may be promising for influencing These implied might enhance function regulation microbiota homeostasis. This study offers recommendations prevention management elderly.

Language: Английский

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