Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(17), P. 2218 - 2237

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

The ongoing obesity epidemic represents a global public health crisis that contributes to poor outcomes, reduced quality of life, and >2.8 million deaths each year. Obesity is relapsing, progressive, heterogeneous. It considered chronic disease by the World Federation (WOF) condition Heart (WHF). People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity mortality. Increased adiposity (body fat), particularly visceral/abdominal fat, linked CV (CVD) via multiple direct indirect pathophysiological mechanisms. development CVD driven, in part, obesity-related metabolic, endocrinologic, immunologic, structural, humoral, haemodynamic, functional alterations. complex multifaceted nature these mechanisms can be challenging understand address clinical practice. often have concurrent physical or psychological disorders (multimorbidity) requiring multidisciplinary care pathways polypharmacy. Evidence indicates intentional weight loss (particularly when substantial) lowers among people overweight/obesity. Long-term maintenance require commitment from both individual those responsible their care. This position paper, developed WOF WHF, aims improve understanding links between CVD, key controversies this area evidence relating cardiometabolic outcomes available management options. Finally, an action plan clinicians provides recommendations help identifying addressing risks (recognizing resource support variances countries).

Language: Английский

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Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100342 - 100342

Published: April 6, 2022

The American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022" is a summary document regarding (CVD) factors. This 2022 update provides tables of 10 CVD and builds upon the foundation prior annual versions factors" published since 2020. version perspective ASPC members includes updated sentinel references (i.e., applicable guidelines select reviews) each factor section. include unhealthful dietary intake, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes/diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations populations (older age, race/ethnicity, sex differences), thrombosis (with smoking as potential contributor thrombosis), kidney dysfunction genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. Other may be relevant, beyond discussed here. However, it intent provide tabular overview most common preventive cardiology ready access reviews.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 233 - 233

Published: Jan. 26, 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease that involves damage to the intima, inflammatory cell recruitment and accumulation of lipids followed by calcification plaque rupture. Inflammation considered key mediator many events during development progression disease. Various types cells are reported be involved in atherosclerosis. In present paper, we discuss cells, their characteristic functional significance The detailed understanding role all these at different stages sheds more light on subject provides valuable insights as where when therapy should targeted.

Language: Английский

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Efficient Data-Driven Machine Learning Models for Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Prediction

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1161 - 1161

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now the leading cause of death, as quality life and human habits have changed significantly. CVDs accompanied by various complications, including all pathological changes involving heart and/or blood vessels. The list includes hypertension, coronary disease, failure, angina, myocardial infarction stroke. Hence, prevention early diagnosis could limit onset or progression disease. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) techniques gained a significant role in disease prediction an essential tool medicine. In this study, supervised ML-based methodology is presented through which we aim to design efficient models for CVD manifestation, highlighting SMOTE technique's superiority. Detailed analysis understanding risk factors shown explore their importance contribution prediction. These fed input features plethora ML models, trained tested identify most appropriate our objective under binary classification problem with uniform class probability distribution. Various were evaluated after use non-use Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), comparing them terms Accuracy, Recall, Precision Area Under Curve (AUC). experiment results showed that Stacking ensemble model 10-fold cross-validation prevailed over other ones achieving Accuracy 87.8%, Recall 88.3%, 88% AUC equal 98.2%.

Language: Английский

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Charting the Unseen: How Non-Invasive Imaging Could Redefine Cardiovascular Prevention

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 245 - 245

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health challenge, leading to significant morbidity and mortality while straining healthcare systems. Despite progress in medical treatments for CVDs, their increasing prevalence calls shift towards more effective prevention strategies. Traditional preventive approaches have centered around lifestyle changes, risk factors management, medication. However, the integration of imaging methods offers novel dimension early disease detection, assessment, ongoing monitoring at-risk individuals. Imaging techniques such as supra-aortic trunks ultrasound, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, coronary computed tomography angiography broadened our understanding anatomical functional aspects cardiovascular health. These enable personalized strategies by providing detailed insights into vascular states, significantly enhancing ability combat progression CVDs. This review focuses on amalgamating current findings, technological innovations, impact integrating advanced modalities prevention, aiming offer comprehensive perspective potential transform cardiology.

Language: Английский

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Coatings for Cardiovascular Stents—An Up-to-Date Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1078 - 1078

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increasingly burden health systems and patients worldwide, necessitating the improved awareness of current treatment possibilities development more efficient therapeutic strategies. When plaque deposits narrow arteries, standard care implies insertion a stent at lesion site. The most promising in cardiovascular stents has been release medications from these stents. However, use drug-eluting (DESs) is still challenged by in-stent restenosis occurrence. DESs’ long-term clinical success depends on several parameters, including degradability polymers, drug profiles, platforms, coating metals their alloys that are employed as metal frames Thus, it critical to investigate new approaches optimize suitable DESs solve problems with inflammatory response, delayed endothelialization, sub-acute thrombosis. As certain advancements have reported literature, this review aims present latest updates coatings field for Specifically, there described various organic (e.g., synthetic natural polymer-based coatings, coated directly drugs, containing endothelial cells) inorganic metallic nonmetallic materials) options, aiming create an updated framework would serve inception point future research.

Language: Английский

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Racial disparities and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular health metrics among US adults: NHANES 2011–2018

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

This study estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, cardiometabolic (CM) and health metrics (CVHMs) among US adults across race/ethnicity groups. The comprised 8370 aged ≥ 20 years from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018, free coronary heart disease/heart failure, angina/angina pectoris, attack, stroke, who provided complete data for outcome variables interest. Age-adjusted CVD CM CVHMs were computed all All analyses accounted complex, multi-stage survey sampling design NHANES. Hypertension (45.0%), obesity (40.0%), fasting plasma glucose 100 mg/dL or hypoglycemic medication (51.0%), ideal physical activity (59.2%) smoking status (56.9%) most prevalent whole sample. Mexican Americans non-Hispanic Blacks had elevated some, but not all, factors compared to Whites Asians. Reducing further disparities persisting differences racial ethnic groups is vital achieving American Heart Association vision people having health, living healthier longer.

Language: Английский

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Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Function in Dietetics: The Food–Gut-Health Axis

Foods, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 3099 - 3099

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Fermented dairy products are the good source of different species live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which beneficial microbes well characterized for their health-promoting potential. Traditionally, dietary intake fermented foods has been related to benefits including antimicrobial activity and modulation immune system, among others. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a contribution LAB in prophylaxis therapy non-communicable diseases. Live bacterial cells or metabolites can directly impact physiological responses and/or act as signalling molecules mediating more complex communications. This review provides up-to-date knowledge on interactions between isolated from (dairy LAB) human health by discussing concept food-gut-health axis. particular, some bioactivities probiotic potentials have provided involvement gut-brain axis diseases mainly focusing potential treatment obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel cancer.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022

Obesity Pillars, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100018 - 100018

Published: April 15, 2022

This "Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association Clinical Practice Statement 2022" is intended to provide clinicians an overview of Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-obesity medications investigational agents in development.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition and physical activity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022

Obesity Pillars, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100005 - 100005

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on Nutrition and Physical Activity provides clinicians an overview of nutrition physical activity principles applicable to the care patients with increased body fat, especially those adverse fat mass adiposopathic metabolic consequences.The scientific information clinical guidance is based upon referenced evidence derived from perspectives authors.This OMA CPS basic regarding carbohydrates, proteins, fats (including trans fats, saturated polyunsaturated monounsaturated fats), general healthful nutrition, nutritional factors associated improved health outcomes, food labels. Included are implications isocaloric substitution refined carbohydrates vice-versa, as well definitions low-calorie, very carbohydrate-restricted, fat-restricted dietary intakes. Specific plans discussed include carbohydrate-restricted diets, low-calorie Mediterranean diet, Therapeutic Lifestyle Dietary Approaches Stop Hypertension (DASH), ketogenic (modified Atkins) Ornish Paleo vegetarian or vegan diet (whole food/plant-based), intermittent fasting/time restricted feeding, commercial programs. practice statement also examines benefits practical pre-exercise medical evaluation suggestions types recommended amounts dynamic (aerobic) training, resistance (anaerobic) leisure time activity, non-exercise thermogenesis (NEAT). Additional provided muscle physiology, exercise prescription, equivalent tasks (METS), methods track progress.This activity. Implementation appropriate in pre-obesity and/or obesity may improve patients, consequences.

Language: Английский

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