Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Clinical Psychologist in the Care of Adults With Cardiovascular Disease

JACC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 100910 - 100910

Published: March 14, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise globally and, along with mental health conditions, will represent largest public burden, especially in a world impacted by climate change. Behavior, psychological mechanisms, and CVD are closely correlated. Evidence-based interventions targeting behavior mechanisms exist across spectrum. This statement proposes development of subspecialty "cardiovascular psychology" to develop integrated pathways behavioral care delivered populations. Scope practice discussed as it relates diagnosing treating comorbid disorders, change interventions, pain management, lifestyle wellbeing, neuropsychological assessment, cognitive rehabilitation. An agenda reforms for financials, training pathways, diversification workforce presented. Finally, normalizing integration part treatment shared responsibility professional organizations community realize value-based care.

Language: Английский

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Age and Genetic Risk Score and Rates of Blood Lipid Changes in China

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. e235565 - e235565

Published: March 29, 2023

Importance Blood lipids are the primary cause of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about relationships between rates blood lipid changes and age genetic risk. Objective To evaluate associations change with polygenic Design, Setting, Participants This cohort from Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China, which was established 1998 to 2008. were followed up until 2020 (mean [SD] follow-up, 13.8 [4.3] years) received 4 repeated measurements. Data analysis performed June August 2022. A total 47 691 participants available genotype data recruited, 37 317 aged 18 years or older included final after excluding who lost follow-up major chronic diseases, those without measurements at baseline any survey. Exposures Age risk scores based on 126 lipid-related variants. Main Outcomes Measures The estimated annual (EAC) milligrams per deciliter. Results study evaluated 51.37 [10.82] years; 15 664 [41.98%] male). EACs differed substantially male female participants. Male experienced declining as they got cholesterol (EAC, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.14 0.54] mg/dL <40 vs 0.01 −0.11 0.13] ≥60 years), triglyceride 3.28 2.50 4.07] −1.70 −2.02 −1.38] low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) 0.15 −0.02 0.32] −0.10 0.11] years). Female had inverse V-shaped greatest rate appeared group 40 49 (EAC cholesterol, 1.33 1.22 1.44] mg/dL; EAC triglyceride, 2.28 1.94 2.62] LDL-C, 0.94 0.84 1.03] mg/dL). Change levels also associated low tended shift toward lower levels, −0.16 (95% −0.25 −0.07) −1.58 −1.78 −1.37) −0.13 −0.21 −0.06) respectively. high LDL-C 1.12 1.03 1.21] EAC, 3.57 3.24 3.91] 0.73 0.65 0.81] mg/dL, respectively). Similar patterns observed across sex groups. Conclusions Relevance In this study, significantly risk, suggesting that prevention strategies should focus individuals critical window.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas9 in Cardiovascular Medicine: Unlocking New Potential for Treatment

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 131 - 131

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant global health challenge, with many current treatments addressing symptoms rather than the genetic roots of these conditions. The advent CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genome editing, offering transformative approach to targeting disease-causing mutations directly. This article examines potential in treatment various CVDs, including atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). technology's ability correct single-gene high precision efficiency positions it as groundbreaking tool cardiovascular therapy. Recent developments have extended capabilities include mitochondrial critical advancement for dysfunctions often linked disorders. Despite its promise, challenges remain, off-target effects, ethical concerns, limitations delivery methods, which hinder translation into clinical practice. also explores regulatory considerations surrounding gene editing technologies, emphasizing implications somatic versus germline modifications. Future research efforts should aim enhance accuracy CRISPR-Cas9, improve systems targeted tissues, ensure safety efficacy long term. Overcoming obstacles could enable not only treat but potentially cure genetically driven diseases, heralding new era medicine health.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological Interventions to Manage Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adults with Severe Mental Illness: An Umbrella Review

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Association of Cardiologist Clinic Visits With Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Outcomes Among People With HIV From Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Southern United States

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Background People with HIV (PWH) have elevated cardiovascular risk. Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the southern United States are disproportionately affected, yet whether cardiology care for this at‐risk group improves blood pressure lipid control or prevents events is unknown. Methods Results We evaluated a cohort of PWH from underrepresented who received HIV‐related at 4 centers during 2015 to 2018 follow‐up through 2020. Primary outcomes were (<140/90 mm Hg) (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤100 mg/dL) over 2 years time first major adverse event. Statistical analyses adjusted cohort/site patient sociodemographic factors, measures, comorbidities. Among 3972 included (median age, 47 years; 32.6% women) without diagnosed disease, 276 (6.9%) had clinic visit. Cardiology visits not associated subsequent (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.49–1.24]; P =0.29) 2.25 0.72–7.01]; =0.16). Over 5‐year follow‐up, patients visit higher risk event, death, falsification end points, even after adjusting measured factors. Conclusions was factor improvement reduced Our study suggests that seeing cardiologist sufficient promote health prevent among PWH, but low confidence given those

Language: Английский

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Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography: A Review of the Literature

Journal of Breast Imaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Identifying systemic disease with medical imaging studies may improve population health outcomes. Although the pathogenesis of peripheral arterial calcification and coronary artery differ, breast (BAC) on mammography is associated cardiovascular (CVD), a leading cause death in women. While professional society guidelines reporting or management BAC have not yet been established, assessment quantification methods are standardized, value being considered internationally as possible indicator subclinical CVD. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) models developed to identify quantify mammography, well predict risk This review outlines evaluating association CVD, introduces role preventative cardiology clinical management, discusses reasons consider BAC, acknowledges current knowledge gaps barriers assessing calcifications, provides examples how AI can be utilized measure contribute assessment. Ultimately, might facilitate earlier mitigation factors asymptomatic

Language: Английский

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Rising to the challenge of cardio-renal-metabolic disease in the 21st century: Translating evidence into best clinical practice to prevent and manage atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 396, P. 118528 - 118528

Published: June 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part I.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(5), P. 479 - 543

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes death worldwide and in Taiwan. It highly prevalent has a tremendous impact on global health. Therefore, Taiwan Society Cardiology developed these best-evidence preventive guidelines for decision-making clinical practice involving aspects primordial prevention including national policies, promotion health education, primary risk factors, management control factors. These cover full spectrum ASCVD, chronic coronary syndrome, acute cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery aortic aneurysm. In order to enhance medical education not only physicians but also general public, we propose slogan

Language: Английский

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Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of CVD: time to think about cardiovascular health rather than rehabilitation

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

During the past century, there have been major developments in medical and surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These advancements resulted more people surviving initial events having reduced length stay hospital; consequently, is an increasing number need ongoing lifelong risk management. The physical emotional effects living with CVD are broad challenges ranging from individual to system level. However, post-discharge care coronary continues follow a 50-year-old cardiac rehabilitation model which focuses on sub-acute phase finite duration. aim this paper consider concept supporting survivors live well rather than 'rehabilitating' them propose factors for consideration reframing secondary prevention towards optimizing health. We discuss deeply-held potential considerations associated achieve optimal health them. 5 x P's traditional beyond 'rehabilitation'. include personalization, processes, patient-centered care, parlance, partnership. Taken together, at systems population level will ultimately improve engagement as outcomes all who it.

Language: Английский

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