Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114985 - 114985

Published: June 11, 2023

The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, exhibits a bidirectional interaction with immune system promotes of to mature. Dysbiosis microbiota, primarily caused factors such as genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, drug abuse, significant contributor inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms underlying diseases resulting from dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize normal physiological functions symbiotic in healthy state demonstrate that when occurs due various external factors, are lost, leading pathological damage lining, metabolic disorders, barrier damage. This, turn, triggers disorders eventually causes systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how diagnose treat unrecognized variables might affect link between illnesses need further studies extensive basic clinical research will still be required investigate relationship future.

Language: Английский

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Roles of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(20), P. 4466 - 4466

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

The gut microbiome is a diverse bacterial community in the human gastrointestinal tract that plays important roles variety of biological processes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced through fermentation dietary fiber. Certain microbes responsible for producing SCFAs such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. An imbalance diversity can lead to metabolic disorders inflammation-related diseases. Changes SCFA levels associated microbiota were observed IBD, suggesting an association between disease. affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) with IBD. Gut closely related it study them further.

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 559 - 559

Published: April 26, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in breaking down undigested foods, such dietary fibers. Through fermentation these food components, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced, offering numerous health benefits host. production absorption SCFAs occur through various mechanisms within human intestine, contingent upon types fibers reaching specific engaged fermentation. Medical literature extensively documents supplementation SCFAs, particularly butyrate, treatment gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, gut-brain-related disorders. This review seeks provide an overview dynamics involved gut. Additionally, it will focus on roles promoting metabolic health, well their current therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) - acetate, propionate, and butyrate are important bacterial fermentation metabolites regulating many aspects of human physiology. Decreases in the concentrations any or multiple SCFAs associated with various detrimental effects to host. Previous research has broadly focused on gut microbiome produced as a group, minimal distinction between independently, each significantly different host effects. In this review, we comprehensively delineate roles these emphasis receptor affinity, signaling pathway involvement, net physiologic Butyrate is highlighted due its unique role gastrointestinal-associated functions, especially maintaining barrier integrity. functions by promoting epithelial tight junctions, serving fuel for colonocyte ATP production, modulating immune system. Interaction system occurs locally gastrointestinal tract systemically brain. Investigation into conducted production pathways specific players involved highlights risk use gram-positive targeted antibiotics. We review discuss evidence showing relationship butyrate-producing genus,

Language: Английский

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The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy nutrition significantly influence microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters proliferation beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. timing introducing solid foods also influences microbiota composition. In preterm infants is factors, including time since birth intake breast milk, interventions such as probiotics prebiotics supplementation show promising results reducing morbidity mortality this population. These findings underscore need for future research understand long-term health impacts these further strategies enrich formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

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Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans animals. However, when inflammation resolution delayed or compromised as result its misregulation, process proceeds from acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading development various illnesses. It proven that redox balance disturbances oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB over-inflammation. Therefore, anti-inflammatory properties natural antioxidants have been widely tested vitro vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates silymarin (SM) main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) great potential an anti-inflammation agent. The mechanism SM/SB action attributed inhibition TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways downregulated expression pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, same model systems, was able upregulate cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) lipid mediators involved inflammation. inflammatory were clearly demonstrated systems based on immune (macrophages monocytes) non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective cancer) cells. At time, confirmed number models, toxicity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion stress-induced injuries, ageing exercising wound healing many other relevant seems likely activities key elements health-promoting these phytochemicals.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: microbial modulation and therapeutic prospects

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Protective Role of Nano-encapsulated Bifidobacterium breve, Bacilllus coagulans, and Lactobacillus plantarum in Colitis Model: Insights Toward Propagation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Reduction of Exaggerated Inflammatory and Oxidative Response

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles for oral delivery: targeted therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(31), P. 5853 - 5872

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

As a group of chronic and idiopathic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent intestinal mucosal inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota modulation

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(16), P. 7520 - 7534

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles play an important role in transferring their biological cargos to recipient cells. The effect of garlic-derived (GENs) against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. This study aimed investigate the GENs on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. A comprehensive analysis bioactive components was performed. Data showed that contained 26 lipids, 61 proteins and 127 known microRNAs (miRNAs). Han-miR3630-5p could bind 3' untranslated region toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which led inhibition TLR4 expression. Besides, significantly up-regulated expression barrier-related inhibited overproduction pro-inflammatory cytokines LPS-induced Caco-2 As a result, pretreatment with at 100 mg kg-1 efficiently ameliorated behavior, intestinal histological pathological damage, tight junction protein dysfunction induced by DSS colon tissue. Intake down-regulated expressions TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), suppressed downstream cascades less secretion DSS. Furthermore, altered gut microbiota profile mice recovering relative abundance Lachnospiraceae reducing Helicobacter. Totally, had potential protect DSS-induced damage through inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway regulating microbiota. clarified miRNAs anti-colitis proved application for IBD prevention.

Language: Английский

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