Animal Science Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
94(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
In
mammals,
around
fertilization,
the
nucleolus
of
embryos
transforms
into
precursor
bodies
(NPBs),
which
continue
to
mature
until
blastocyst
stage,
leading
distinct
morphological
changes.
our
study,
we
observed
two
types
nucleolar
morphology
in
mouse
vitro
fertilized
at
four-cell
refer
single
(SN)
and
multiple
nucleoli
(MN).
To
visualize
morphology,
were
immunostained
with
anti-NOPP140
antibody.
These
categorized
five
based
on
number
blastomeres
carrying
SN:
SN4/MN0,
SN3/MN1,
SN2/MN2,
SN1/MN3,
SN0/MN4,
percentages
13,
27,
21,
23
9,
respectively.
Next,
using
a
light
microscope,
divided
without
fixation
groups:
those
least
displaying
SN
(SN
embryos)
(MN
embryos).
Notably,
significantly
more
developed
blastocysts
offspring
18.5
dpc
compared
MN
embryos.
Furthermore,
displayed
higher
NANOG-positive
cell
lower
body
placental
weights,
resulting
fetal/placental
ratio.
findings
suggest
close
association
between
state
stage
subsequent
developmental
potential.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 905 - 905
Published: July 25, 2024
Lithium
is
one
of
the
lightest
elements
on
Earth
and
it
has
been
in
environment
since
formation
galaxy.
While
a
common
element,
not
found
to
be
an
essential
element
biological
processes,
ranging
from
single
cell
organisms
Homo
sapiens.
Instead,
at
early
stage
evolution,
committed
range
such
as
sodium,
potassium,
calcium,
magnesium,
zinc,
iron
serve
functions.
Such
ions
critical
functions
ion
channels,
co-factors
enzymes,
cofactor
oxygen
transport,
DNA
replication,
storage
molecule
bone
liver,
variety
other
roles
processes.
seemingly
excluded
major
role
lithium
appear
able
modulate
processes
“correct”
deviation
normal
activity,
deficiency
can
have
consequences.
salts
are
low
levels
many
foods
water
supplies,
but
effectiveness
Li
affect
systems
came
recent
prominence
with
work
Cade,
who
reported
that
administrating
calmed
guinea
pigs
was
subsequently
effective
relatively
high
doses
“normalize”
subset
patients
bipolar
disorders.
Because
its
ability
pathways
(e.g.,
cyclic
AMP,
GSK-3beta,
inositol
metabolism,
NaK
ATPases,
neuro
centers,
immune-related
events,
respectively)
both
vitro
vivo
during
development
adult
life,
become
useful
tool
better
understand
molecular
regulation
also
provide
insights
into
altered
aging
disease
states.
targets
for
action
supports
possible
modulator
dysregulation,
presents
conundrum
researchers
attempting
elucidate
specific
primary
target
different
tissues
vivo.
This
review
will
discuss
aspects
state
knowledge
regarding
some
influenced,
focusing
those
involving
neural
autoimmunity
examples,
mechanisms
involved,
examples
how
used
study
model
systems,
well
suggesting
areas
where
use
could
lead
additional
natural
levels.
In
addition,
caveats
used,
strengths
weaknesses
rodent
models,
background
genetics
strain
mice
or
rats
employed,
sex
animals
cells
discussed.
Low-dose
may
excellent
potential,
alone
combination
interventions
prevent
alleviate
aging-associated
conditions
progression.
Molecular Reproduction and Development,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
91(10)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
emergence
of
the
earliest
cell
lineages
in
mammalian
embryos
is
a
complex
process
that
utilizes
an
extensive
network
chromatin
regulators,
transcription
factors,
polarity
and
cellular
signaling
pathways.
These
factors
pathways
operate
over
protracted
period
time
as
cleave,
undergo
compaction,
form
blastocysts.
first
fate
specification
event
separates
pluripotent
inner
mass
from
trophectoderm
lineage.
second
epiblast
hypoblast.
This
review
summarizes
50
years
study
these
early
lineage
forming
events,
addressing
complexity
interacting
molecules,
functions
drive
them,
interspecies
differences,
aspects
mechanisms
likely
underlie
their
high
susceptibility
to
disruption
by
numerous
environmental
can
compromise
embryo
viability,
such
maternal
health
diet,
toxins,
other
stressors.
Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(5)
Published: Nov. 9, 2023
Abstract
The
developmental
origins
of
health
and
disease
(DOHaD)
shows
that
a
relationship
exists
between
parental
environment
at
large,
foeto‐placental
development
the
risk
for
offspring
to
develop
non‐transmittable
disease(s)
in
adulthood.
This
concept
has
been
validated
both
humans
livestock.
In
mammals,
after
fertilization
time
spent
free
maternal
reproductive
tract,
embryo
develops
placenta
that,
close
with
endometrium,
is
organ
responsible
exchanges
dam
foetus.
Any
modification
can
lead
adaptive
mechanisms
affecting
placental
morphology,
blood
flow,
foetal‐maternal
(transporters)
and/or
endocrine
function,
ultimately
modifying
efficiency.
Among
deleterious
environments,
undernutrition,
protein
restriction,
overnutrition,
micronutrient
deficiencies
food
contaminants
be
outlined.
When
capacities
become
insufficient,
foetal
growth
formation
no
longer
optimal,
including
gonadal
maturation,
which
affect
subsequent
fertility.
Since
epigenetic
have
shown
key
programming,
modifications
gametes
may
also
occur,
leading
inter‐generational
effects.
After
briefly
describing
normal
domestic
species
inter‐species
differences,
this
review
highlights
current
knowledge
on
intra‐uterine
programming
fertility
focus
animals
underlines
importance
assess
transgenerational
effects
when
new
breeding
systems
are
developed
face
climate
changes.
Animal Science Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
94(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
In
mammals,
around
fertilization,
the
nucleolus
of
embryos
transforms
into
precursor
bodies
(NPBs),
which
continue
to
mature
until
blastocyst
stage,
leading
distinct
morphological
changes.
our
study,
we
observed
two
types
nucleolar
morphology
in
mouse
vitro
fertilized
at
four-cell
refer
single
(SN)
and
multiple
nucleoli
(MN).
To
visualize
morphology,
were
immunostained
with
anti-NOPP140
antibody.
These
categorized
five
based
on
number
blastomeres
carrying
SN:
SN4/MN0,
SN3/MN1,
SN2/MN2,
SN1/MN3,
SN0/MN4,
percentages
13,
27,
21,
23
9,
respectively.
Next,
using
a
light
microscope,
divided
without
fixation
groups:
those
least
displaying
SN
(SN
embryos)
(MN
embryos).
Notably,
significantly
more
developed
blastocysts
offspring
18.5
dpc
compared
MN
embryos.
Furthermore,
displayed
higher
NANOG-positive
cell
lower
body
placental
weights,
resulting
fetal/placental
ratio.
findings
suggest
close
association
between
state
stage
subsequent
developmental
potential.
