What do we know about nutrient-based strategies targeting molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related fatty liver disease?

Annals of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 100874 - 100874

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Obesity is a risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the associated molecular mechanisms could be targeted with nutrient-based strategies. Therefore, it necessary to review current propose further treatments. facilitates onset of insulin resistance, lipidic abnormalities, hepatic fat accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, all related steatosis progression fibrosis. Microbiota alterations can also influence by translocation pathogenic bacteria, energy extraction from short chain acids (SCFAs), intestinal suppression expression fasting-induced adipose (FIAF), reduction bile acids, altered choline metabolism. There are genetic polymorphisms in metabolic proteins that predispose higher diseases, such as those found patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7) or known lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1), channel-like 4 genes (TMC4), mass obesity-associated protein (FTO), b Klotho (KLB) carboxylesterase (CES1). No clear dietary guidelines target NAFLD development progression. However, carbohydrate intake restriction, regular physical exercise, supplementation antioxidants, restoration gut microbiota seem have beneficial effects on new proposed features NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and all-cause mortality: unsupervised machine learning analysis of NHANES III

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. e067203 - e067203

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a non-communicable with rising prevalence worldwide and large burden for patients health systems. To date, the presence of unique phenotypes in NAFLD has not been studied, their identification could inform precision medicine public pragmatic implications personalised management care NAFLD. Design Cross-sectional prospective (up to 31 December 2019) analysis National Health Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–1994). Primary secondary outcomes measures diagnosis was based on ultrasound. The following predictors informed an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (k-means): body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase gamma glutamyl transferase. We summarised (means) compared across clusters. used Cox proportional hazard models quantify all-cause mortality risk associated each cluster. Results 1652 (mean age 47.2 years 51.5% women) were grouped into 3 clusters: anthro-SBP-glucose (6.36%; highest levels anthropometrics, SBP glucose), lipid-liver (10.35%; lipid enzymes) average (83.29%; at levels). Compared phenotype, phenotype had higher (aHR=2.88; 95% CI: 2.26 3.67); (aHR=1.11; 0.86 1.42). Conclusions There heterogeneity NAFLD, whom can be divided three different risk. These guide specific interventions plans, thus advancing

Language: Английский

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MBOAT7 rs641738 Variant Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Latin American Cohort

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(11), P. 4212 - 4220

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

The rs641738 C > T single-nucleotide polymorphism of MBOAT7 has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Latin Americans have high rates HCC NAFLD, but no assessment between performed in this population. We provide the first impact on risk Americans. Patients were prospectively recruited into ESCALON network, designed to collect samples from American patients 6 South countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia). A European cohort general Hispanic population gnomAD database included for comparison. Associations evaluated using logistic regression. In total, 310 cases 493 cirrhosis without assessed. TT genotype was not predictive (TT vs CC OR adjusted = 1.15, 95% CI 0.66–2.01, p 0.610) or Europeans 1.20, 0.59–2.43, 0.621). No significant association noted subgroup analysis viral hepatitis, alcohol-related disease. increased NAFLD-cirrhosis compared a non-cirrhotic NAFLD + CT 2.75, 1.10–6.87, 0.031). rs631738 allele Europeans. An increase NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D deficiency in British South Asians, a persistent but avoidable problem associated with many health risks (including rickets, T2DM, CVD, COVID-19 and pregnancy complications): the case for correcting this deficiency

Endocrine Connections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

High vitamin D deficiency rates, with rickets and osteomalacia, have been common in South Asians (SAs) arriving Britain since the 1950s preventable infant deaths from hypocalcaemic status-epilepticus cardiomyopathy. Vitamin increases SA disorders (type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease), recent trials non-linear Mendelian randomisation studies having shown to be causal for both disorders. Ethnic minority, obesity, social deprivation are recognised COVID-19 risk factors, but is not, despite convincing mechanistic evidence of it. Adjusting analyses obesity/ethnicity abolishes prediction, factors lower serum 25(OH)D specifically. Social inadequately explains increased ethnic minority risks. remains uncorrected after 70 years, official bodies using ‘education’, ‘assimilation’ ‘diet’ as ‘proxies’ differences increasing pressures assimilate. Meanwhile, English was abolished ~1940 by free ‘welfare foods’ (meat, milk, eggs, cod liver oil), all pregnant/nursing mothers young children (<5 years old). Cod oil withdrawn antenatal clinics 1994 (for excessive A teratogenicity), without alternative provision. The take-up 2006 ‘Healthy-Start’ scheme food-vouchers low-income families (<3 old) has poor, being inaccessible poorly publicised. pandemic advice UK adults ‘lockdown’ ‘400 IU D/day’, inadequate correcting seen winter/summer at 17.5%/5.9% White, 38.5%/30% Black 57.2%/50.8% people representative Biobank subjects when recruited ~14 ago remaining similar 2018. inadequacy worsens many non-skeletal health Not providing preventing osteomalacia continues unacceptable, deficiency-related risks increase disparities, while abolishing would easier more cost-effective than any other factor worsening Britain.

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity and specificity of three diabetes diagnostic criteria in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and otherwise healthy people: Analysis of NHANES III

Primary care diabetes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 506 - 512

Published: June 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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