Exerkines in health, resilience and disease

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 273 - 289

Published: March 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer’s disease and its pharmaceutical potential

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Abstract Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that known to arise as the progresses. A growing body evidence suggests pathological alterations neuronal circuits and synapses may provide mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) tau pathology thus serve an obligatory relay cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play important role maintaining synaptic plasticity learning memory. Considering AD disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention potential diagnostic biomarker therapeutical molecule for Although depletion been linked with Aβ accumulation, phosphorylation, neuroinflammation apoptosis, exact mechanisms underlying effect impaired signaling on still unknown. Here, we present overview how genomic structure is connected regulate signaling. We then discuss BDNF-targeting therapeutics

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4080 - 4080

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such genetic, socioeconomic, environmental factors, including nutrition physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in cases expected due largely aging of world population. There no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies treat age-associated dementia, which underscores crucial role prevention. A relationship among diet, activity, lifestyle with function has been intensively studied mounting evidence supporting these development decline chief cause disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, nutrients have investigated this regard, some encouraging disappointing results. This review presents current effects components, supplements, sleep social engagement on prevention or delay onset age-related dementia.

Language: Английский

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Physical Activity and Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Intervention and Observational Studies

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 1415 - 1422.e6

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this umbrella review was to determine the effect physical activity/exercise on improving cognitive and noncognitive outcomes in people with MCI (mild impairment) dementia.DesignUmbrella systematic reviews (SR), or without meta-analyses (MAs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) observational studies.Settings ParticipantsPeople dementia, confirmed through validated assessment measures. Any form included. As controls, we included participants not following any prespecified intervention same standard protocol group.MethodsThe registered PROSPERO (CDR 164197). Major databases were searched until December 31, 2019. The certainty evidence statistically significant evaluated using Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development Evaluation approach. SRs' findings, a formal MA, reported descriptively.ResultsAmong 1160 articles initially evaluated, 27 SRs (all RCTs, 9 MA) for total 28,205 MCI/dementia In patients MCI, mind-body (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.20–0.52; low certainty) mixed activity interventions (SMD 0.30; CI 0.11–0.49; moderate had small global cognition, whereas resistance training 0.80; 0.29–1.31; very large cognition. affected by effective cognition Alzheimer disease 1.10; 0.65–1.64; all types dementia 0.48; 0.22–0.74; certainty). Finally, improved including falls, neuropsychiatric symptoms.Conclusions ImplicationsSupported low-to-moderate evidence, has positive several but risk bias/confounding, are still needed confirm these relationships.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3367 - 3367

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial may be common shared by frailty impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, malnutrition important risk factors for impairment in diabetes. impact nutrients on health outcomes varies age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from treatment obesity/metabolic syndrome prevention necessary patients who over 75 years age, have or sarcopenia, experience malnutrition. For optimal energy intake, sufficient protein vitamin healthy dietary patterns should recommended. after middle age include awareness proper glycemic control aimed at extending life expectancy nutrition, exercise, connectivity. Nutritional combination metabolic control, participation/support can extend maintain quality mellitus.

Language: Английский

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Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 8 - 35

Published: Oct. 29, 2022

Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health is widely accepted as a preventative therapeutic strategy various diseases. It well-documented that maintains restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations consequently protect against pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how affects major hallmarks health, including integrity barriers, containment local perturbations, recycling turnover, integration circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, well repair regeneration. Furthermore, current understanding mechanisms responsible beneficial response exercise. This review aimed providing comprehensive summary vital biological through which opens window application other interventions. We hope continuing investigation this field will further increase our processes involved thus get us closer identification new therapeutics improve quality life.

Language: Английский

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Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 19, 2023

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses have been made in clinical trials based on relevant hypotheses, these studies are also accompanied by emergence toxic side effects, it an urgent task to explore underlying mechanisms for benefits prevent treat AD. Herein, animal experiments few trials, neuroinflammation AD characterized long-term activation pro-inflammatory microglia NOD-, LRR- pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. Damaged signals from periphery within brain continuously activate microglia, thus resulting constant source inflammatory responses. The response exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress which triggers microglia-dependent immune responses, ultimately leading occurrence deterioration In this review, we systematically summarized sorted out that exercise ameliorates directly indirectly regulating central nervous system promoting hippocampal neurogenesis provide new direction exploring activity

Language: Английский

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Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 101868 - 101868

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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In-ear integrated sensor array for the continuous monitoring of brain activity and of lactate in sweat

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 1307 - 1320

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Owing to the proximity of ear canal central nervous system, in-ear electrophysiological systems can be used unobtrusively monitor brain states. Here, by taking advantage ear's exocrine sweat glands, we describe an integrated array electrochemical and sensors placed on a flexible substrate surrounding user-generic earphone for simultaneous monitoring lactate concentration states via electroencephalography, electrooculography electrodermal activity. In volunteers performing acute bout exercise, device detected elevated levels in concurrently with modulation activity across all electroencephalography frequency bands. Simultaneous continuous unobtrusive metabolic biomarkers electrophysiology may allow discovery dynamic synergetic interactions between body real-world settings long-term health or detection neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Exercise therapy to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative in the elderly with dementia, memory loss, and severe cognitive impairment that imposes high medical costs on individuals. The causes of AD include increased deposition amyloid beta (Aβ) phosphorylated tau, age, mitochondrial defects, neuroinflammation, decreased synaptic connections, nerve growth factors (NGF). While animals moderate-intensity exercise restores hippocampal amygdala through levels p-AKT, p-TrkB, p-PKC Aβ, tau phosphorylation, precursor proteins (APP) AD. Aerobic (with an intensity 50–75% VO2 max) prevents volume reduction, spatial learning reduction increasing flexibility. Exercise training induces binding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to TrkB NGF TrkA induce cell survival neuronal plasticity. After aerobic high-intensity interval training, increase VEGF, angiopoietin 1 2, NO, tPA, HCAR1 cerebral vessels blood flow angiogenesis cerebellum, motor cortex, striatum, hippocampus. In hippocampus, decreases fragmentation, DRP1, FIS1, improving OPA1, MFN1, MFN2, morphology. humans, acute as anti-inflammatory condition IL-6 such IL-1RA IL-10. Moderate-intensity also inhibits inflammatory markers IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, sTNFR1, COX-2, NF-κB. significantly increases plasma BDNF, factor, plasticity, activity, memory, exploratory behavior subjects. Irisin myokine released from skeletal muscle during protects hippocampus by suppressing Aβ accumulation promoting proliferation STAT3 signaling. Therefore, combined strength balance coordination social activities seems provide important benefits for people

Language: Английский

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