Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 155577 - 155577

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e17267 - e17267

Published: April 29, 2024

Exercise has many beneficial effects that provide health and metabolic benefits. Signaling molecules are released from organs tissues in response to exercise stimuli widely termed exerkines, which exert influence on a multitude of intricate multi-tissue processes, such as muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, cardiovascular kidney, bone. For the effect, exerkines regulate homeostasis organisms by increasing glucose uptake improving fat synthesis. anti-inflammatory positively various chronic inflammation-related diseases, type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis. This review highlights prospective contribution regulating metabolism, augmenting effects, providing additional advantages associated with exercise. Moreover, comprehensive overview analysis recent advancements provided this review, addition predicting future applications used potential biomarker or therapeutic target benefit patients diseases.

Language: Английский

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Endurance exercise preconditioning alleviates ferroptosis induced by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through mitochondrial superoxide-dependent AMPKα2 activation

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 103079 - 103079

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) adversely impacts patients' long-term health and quality of life. Its underlying mechanism is complex, involving regulatory cell death mechanisms, such as ferroptosis autophagy. Moreover, it a challenge faced by patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. Endurance exercise (E-Exe) preconditioning effectively counters DIC injury, potentially through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. However, detailed studies on this process's mechanisms are scarce. Here, E-Exe models were established using mice primary cultured adult mouse cardiomyocytes (PAMCs). Akin to ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor), rapamycin (autophagic inducer), MitoTEMPO (mitochondrial free-radical scavenger), alleviated Fe2+ accumulation oxidative stress improved energy metabolism mitochondrial dysfunction in demonstrated multifunctional, enzymatic, morphological indices. erastin 3-methyladenine adenovirus-mediated AMPKα2 downregulation, inhibition compound C significantly diminished these effects, both vivo vitro. The results suggest non-traditional where preconditioning, under mild reactive oxygen species generation, upregulates phosphorylates AMPKα2, thereby enhancing complex I activity, activating adaptive autophagy, improving myocardial tolerance injury. Overall, study highlighted pivotal role mitochondria DIC-induced shows how activated against This suggests that could be viable strategy for

Language: Английский

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Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 59 - 59

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, is linked to physical disability, metabolic dysfunction, an increased risk mortality. Exercise therapy currently acknowledged as a viable approach for addressing sarcopenia. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms behind exercise training or activity remain poorly understood. The disruption mitochondrial homeostasis implicated in pathogenesis effectively delays onset sarcopenia significantly maintaining homeostasis, including promoting mitophagy, improving biogenesis, balancing dynamics, redox. Exerkines (e.g., adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, osteokines), signaling molecules released response training, may potentially contribute skeletal metabolism through ameliorating reducing inflammation, regulating protein synthesis defense against Methods: In this review, we provide detailed summary exercise-induced exerkines confer their benefit, with particular focus on impact context Results: induces substantial adaptations muscle, mass, improved regeneration hypertrophy, elevated hormone release, enhanced function. An expanding body research highlights that have potential regulate processes such autophagy, redox balance. These maintenance thereby supporting health. Conclusions: Through comprehensive investigation within mitochondria, reveals new insights into key exercise-protective sensors combating

Language: Английский

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Irisin alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating the autophagic SIRT3 pathway

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Background: Disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis leads to excessive triglyceride accumulation and the development metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Autophagy, a critical process in metabolism, is impaired MASLD pathogenesis. Irisin, skeletal muscle-driven myokine, regulates but its impact on metabolism not well understood. Here, we aimed explore role irisin steatosis underlying mechanisms involved. Methods: A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model was used, recombinant protein, herein referred as “Irisin”, intraperitoneally administered for 4 weeks evaluate effects accumulation. Liver tissues were stained with Oil red O (ORO), (TG) total cholesterol (TC) contents measured serum homogenates. The expression autophagosome marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), autophagy receptor sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62), initiation complex unc-51-like kinase (ULK1) lysosomal functional cathepsin B via Western blotting, transcription factor EB (TFEB) analyzed immunofluorescence autophagic changes. effect flux further evaluated palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells by measuring degradation chloroquine (CQ), analyzing colocalization LC3 lysosome-associated (LAMP1). possible mechanism examined sirtuin (SIRT3) pathway validated using overexpression SIRT3 plasmid transfection or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Student’s t -test utilized statistical analysis. Results: Irisin significantly reduces mice fed HFD, accompanied enhanced hepatocyte upregulation pathway. In cells, attenuated accumulation, which partially dependent levels. Mechanistically, treatment upregulated phosphorylated AMP-activated (AMPK), inhibited mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) activity, promoted TFEB nucleus translocation, increased expression, degradation, alleviated steatosis. No significant changes phosphorylation ULK1 hepatocytes observed. However, when siRNA used knock down , those reversed, exacerbated. Conclusions: Our findings highlight potential therapeutic modulating potentially providing novel management MASLD. Further research needed elucidate clinical applications this approach

Language: Английский

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Bone and muscle crosstalk in ageing and disease

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of acute and chronic high-intensity interval training on serum irisin, BDNF and apelin levels in male soccer referees

Journal of Men s Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Irisin, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Apelin levels. The included twenty-one male soccer referees. Blood from participants collected at beginning (1. first measurement: baseline value). HIIT conducted blood immediately (2. second effect). Next, carried out for 20 minutes 4 days a week in bouts running (75 meters seconds) walking (25 seconds). end 12 weeks (3. third performed again (4. fourth effect after There gradual increase irisin, BDNF, apelin levels (p < 0.001). irisin 2% measurement, 106% third, 111% compared measurement. 39% 116% 133% fourth. were increased by 11%, 19%and 28%, respectively. These results demonstrated that might only response (4 times week) while change with both healthy trained

Language: Английский

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Myokines: metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Life Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the regulation of systemic metabolism, partly through its secretion endocrine factors which are collectively known as myokines. Altered myokine levels associated with metabolic diseases, such type 2 diabetes (T2D). The significance interorgan crosstalk, particularly myokines, has emerged fundamental aspect nutrient and energy homeostasis. However, comprehensive understanding biology setting obesity T2D remains major challenge. In this review, we discuss biological functions key myokines that have been extensively studied during past two decades, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin (MSTN), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), fibroblast 21 (FGF21), apelin, brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), meteorin-like (Metrnl), secreted protein acidic rich cysteine (SPARC), β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), Musclin, Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3). Related to these, detail exercise expression together their contributions physiology disease. Despite significant advancements research, many remain challenging measure accurately investigate thoroughly. Hence, new research techniques detection methods should be developed rigorously tested. Therefore, developing perspective on is crucial, will likely offer insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying may reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the muscle-brain axis: A bidirectional mendelian randomization study investigating the causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and brain aging

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 105412 - 105412

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Irisin alleviates obesity-induced bone loss by inhibiting interleukin 6 expression via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis in adipocytes

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2024

Obesity-induced bone loss affects the life quality of patients all over world. Irisin, one myokines, plays an essential role in and fat metabolism. Investigate effects irisin on metabolism via adipocytes marrow microenvironment. In this study, we fed fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5, precursor irisin) knockout mice (FNDC5-/-) with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The mass was assessed by micro-CT analysis, histological staining, dynamic formation. vitro, lipogenic differentiation mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) assayed Oil Red O osteogenic alkaline phosphatase staining. Meanwhile, gene expression BMSC-differentiated RNA sequence involved pathway were determined western blot qRT-PCR performed. FNDC5-/- HFD showed increased body weight, content bone, decreased formation compared those standard (SD). inhibited BMSCs into alleviated inhibition osteogenesis derived from adipocyte supernatant. blocking experiment that reduced production interleukin 6 (IL-6) through downregulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed IL-6 SD, which suffered serious loss. Irisin downregulates activation pathway, thereby reducing to enhance BMSCs. Thus, rescue BMSCs, initially IL-6, is potential therapeutic target mitigate obesity-induced osteoporosis.

Language: Английский

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