Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5753 - 5753

Published: March 17, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions host. They support elimination viral infections. participate regulation brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, activity, they can affect functioning insect nervous system. Expansion AMP repertoire loss their specificity is connected aging process lifespan insects. Moreover, take part maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating number endosymbionts as well reducing foreign microbiota. turn, presence venom prevents spread infection social insects, where prey may be source pathogens.

Language: Английский

---

Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila, but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effectors first studied for their role in host defence. Recent studies have implicated these the clearance of aberrant cells and neurodegenerative syndromes. In Drosophila, many AMPs produced downstream Toll Imd NF-κB pathways upon infection. Upon aging, upregulated, drawing attention to molecules as possible causes age-associated inflammatory diseases. However, functional overexpressing or silencing genes been inconclusive. Using an isogenic set AMP gene deletions, we investigated net impact on aging. Overall, found no major effect individual lifespan, with exception Defensin. ΔAMP14 flies lacking seven families displayed reduced lifespan. Increased bacterial load food aged suggested that lifespan reduction was due microbiome dysbiosis, consistent a previous study. Moreover, germ-free conditions extended flies. our results did not point overt Instead, collectively by preventing dysbiosis during

Language: Английский

---

Gene Therapy-Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice

Cellular Reprogramming, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 24 - 32

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Aging is a complex progression of changes best characterized as the chronic dysregulation cellular processes leading to deteriorated tissue and organ function. Although aging cannot currently be prevented, its impact on life- healthspan in elderly can potentially minimized by interventions that aim return these optimal Recent studies have demonstrated partial reprogramming using Yamanaka factors (or subset; OCT4, SOX2, KLF4; OSK) reverse age-related vitro vivo. However, it still unknown whether subset) are capable extending lifespan aged wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we show systemically delivered adeno-associated viruses, encoding an inducible OSK system, 124-week-old male mice extend median remaining 109% over WT controls enhance several health parameters. Importantly, observed significant improvement frailty scores indicating were able improve along with increasing lifespan. Furthermore, human keratinocytes expressing exogenous OSK, epigenetic markers age reversal, suggesting potential reregulation genetic networks younger healthier state. Together, results may important implications for development age-associated diseases elderly.

Language: Английский

---

Metformin and Aging: A Review

Gerontology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(6), P. 581 - 590

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Metformin is sometimes proposed to be an "anti-aging" drug, based on preclinical experiments with lower-order organisms and numerous retrospective data beneficial health outcomes for type 2 diabetics. Large prospective, placebo-controlled trials are planned, in pilot stage or running, find a new use (or indication) aging population. As one of the metformin has "frailty" as its endpoint, similar trial plant-derived senolytic, latter class novel anti-aging drugs briefly discussed. Concerns exist not only vitamin B12 B6 deficiencies, but also about whether there adverse effects individuals who try remain healthy by maintaining cardiovascular fitness via exercise.

Language: Английский

---

Mechanisms of Lifespan Regulation by Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting in Model Organisms

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1194 - 1194

Published: April 24, 2020

Genetic and pharmacological interventions have successfully extended healthspan lifespan in animals, but their genetic are not appropriate options for human applications intervention needs more solid clinical evidence. Consequently, dietary manipulations the only practical probable strategies to promote health longevity humans. Caloric restriction (CR), reduction of calorie intake a level that does compromise overall health, has been considered as being one most promising extend Although it is straightforward, continuous or food easy practice real lives Recently, fasting-related such intermittent fasting (IF) time-restricted feeding (TRF) emerged alternatives CR. Here, we review history CR animal models, discuss molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, propose future directions can fill missing gaps current understanding interventions. appear by both partially overlapping common target rapamycin (TOR) pathway circadian clock, distinct independent remain be discovered. We systems approach combining global transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic analyses followed perturbation studies targeting multiple candidate pathways will allow us better understand how interact with each other longevity.

Language: Английский

---

Animal models of sarcopenia

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(10)

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Abstract Sarcopenia is the age‐related decline in muscle mass and function without any underlying disease. The exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this pathology remain unknown. use of model organisms, such as mice, rats, flies, worms, has advanced field sarcopenia research by identifying therapeutic strategies genetic mutations that result improved elderly animals. This review discusses discoveries made using these organisms how animals can be further utilized to better understand pathogenesis. In rodents, dietary restriction improves performance old rodents exercise a number naturally occurring compounds alleviate sarcopenia. Reduction insulin/IGF1 receptor pathway, well known promote longevity, worms flies. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute pathogenesis sarcopenia: there age‐dependent reduction mitochondrial change morphology; nematodes, fragmentation mitochondria precedes sarcomeric disorganization. Drosophila components 26S proteasome are elevated aged muscle. An advantage worm fly models lack stem cells, thus processes maintenance already assembled muscle, identified confounding influence regeneration. Zebrafish an up coming future consideration. A understanding changes behind will help researchers develop therapies improve health individuals.

Language: Английский

---

Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms

Genes, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 518 - 518

Published: July 9, 2019

Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social economic effects. Many theories have been proposed, pathways discovered. Model organisms had a crucial role in this process because their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, recently, dogs, helped shed light processes. Genes molecular mechanisms that were found be critical simple eukaryotic cells species confirmed humans mainly by functional analysis orthologues. Here, we review conserved discovered different model systems are implicated human well could target anti-aging interventions human.

Language: Английский

---

Asynchronous, contagious and digital aging

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 29 - 35

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

---

The Unfolded Protein Responses in Health, Aging, and Neurodegeneration: Recent Advances and Future Considerations

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Aging and age-related neurodegeneration are both associated with the accumulation of unfolded abnormally folded proteins, highlighting importance protein homeostasis (termed proteostasis) in maintaining organismal health. To this end, two cellular compartments essential folding functions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria, equipped unique stress responses, known as ER response (UPR

Language: Английский

---

Alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent regulator for lifespan and healthspan: Evidences and perspectives

Experimental Gerontology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 112154 - 112154

Published: March 20, 2023

Aging is a natural process that determined by functional decline in cells and tissues as organisms are growing old, resulting an increase at risk of disease death. To this end, many efforts have been made to control aging lifespan healthspan. These led the discovery several anti-aging drugs compounds such rapamycin metformin. Recently, alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) has introduced potential metabolite can functions organisms, thereby increases longevity improves Unlike other synthetic drugs, AKG one metabolites tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known Krebs synthesized body. It plays crucial role cell energy metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, epigenetic regulation, stemness differentiation, fertility reproductive health, cancer behaviors. exerts its effects through different mechanisms inhibiting mTOR ATP-synthase, modulating DNA histone demethylation reducing ROS formation. Herein, we summarize recent findings AKG-related healthspan studies discuss associated molecular involved increasing longevity, improving reproduction, stem behavior. We promises limitations for delaying applications.

Language: Английский

---