Gut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 717 - 731

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cannabis sativa L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 660 - 660

Published: March 29, 2022

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants from the family Cannabidaceae have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are main pharmacologically active compounds of sativa. These have, a long time, under extensive investigation, their potent antioxidant inflammatory properties reported, although detailed mechanisms actions not fully clarified. CB1 receptors suggested be responsible analgesic effect THC, while CB2 may account its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike CBD has very low affinity both receptors, behaves as negative allosteric modulator. activity, receptor inverse agonist, could important anti-inflammatory In this review, we discuss chemical bioavailability THC CBD, action, role in oxidative stress inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Role of Akkermansia in Human Diseases: From Causation to Therapeutic Properties

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1815 - 1815

Published: April 8, 2023

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune response, its impairment has been implicated many gastrointestinal extraintestinal diseases. Current evidence shows well-documented A. muciniphila maintaining integrity intestinal barrier, modulating improving several metabolic pathways, making it key element pathogenesis human In this scenario, is most promising next-generation probiotic one first microbial species suitable for specific clinical use when compared with traditional probiotics. Further studies are needed to provide more accurate insight into mechanisms action better elucidate properties major areas, paving way integrated personalized therapeutic approach that finally makes our knowledge microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets…

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 236(5), P. 1411 - 1432

Published: Feb. 26, 2019

The human gut contains trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming different aspects host physiology health and disease. Psychotropic medications act on the central nervous system (CNS) are used treatment various psychiatric disorders. There is increasing emphasis bidirectional interaction between drugs microbiome. An expanding body evidence supports notion microbes can metabolise vice versa modify microbiota composition. In this review, we will first give comprehensive introduction about interaction, then take into consideration classes psychotropics including antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, anticonvulsants/mood stabilisers, opioid analgesics, abuse, alcohol, nicotine xanthines. varying effects these widely microorganisms becoming apparent from vivo vitro studies. This has important implications for future psychopharmacology pipelines routinely need to consider microbiome during drug discovery development.

Language: Английский

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Sativex^® as add-on therapy vs. further optimized first-line ANTispastics (SAVANT) in resistant multiple sclerosis spasticity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial

International Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 129(2), P. 119 - 128

Published: May 24, 2018

Purpose/aim: To evaluate the efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC):cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray (Sativex®) as add-on therapy to optimised standard antispasticity treatment in patients with moderate severe multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity.Methods: Sativex® vs. further first-line ANTispastics (SAVANT) was a two-phase trial. In Phase A, eligible received THC:CBD for 4 weeks identify initial responders [≥20% improvement from baseline spasticity 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) score]. Following washout, were randomised receive or placebo 12 (double-blinded, B). Optimisation underlying medications permitted both groups across all study periods.Results: Of 191 who entered 106 B (n = 53) 53). The proportion clinically relevant after (≥30% NRS improvement; primary endpoint) significantly greater than (77.4 32.1%; p < 0.0001). Compared placebo, also improved key secondary endpoints: changes mean (p 0.0001), pain 0.0013), and modified Ashworth’s 0.0007) scores week 12. Adverse events, when present, mild/moderate without new safety concerns.Conclusions: Add-on provided better resistant MS compared adjusting medication alone.

Language: Английский

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Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1956 - 1956

Published: Aug. 20, 2019

Lifestyle is a well-known environmental factor that plays major role in facilitating the development of metabolic syndrome or eventually exacerbating its consequences. Various lifestyle factors, especially changes dietary habits, extreme temperatures, unusual light-dark cycles, substance abuse, and other stressful are also established modifiers endocannabinoid system extended version, endocannabinoidome. The endocannabinoidome complex lipid signaling composed plethora (>100) fatty acid-derived mediators their receptors anabolic catabolic enzymes (>50 proteins) which deeply involved control energy metabolism pathological deviations. A strong link between another player dysmetabolism, gut microbiome, emerging. Here, we review several examples how modifications (westernized diets, lack presence certain nutritional physical exercise, use cannabis) can modulate propensity to develop by modifying crosstalk microbiome and, hence, interventions provide new therapies against cardiometabolic risk ensuring correct functioning both these systems.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Cannabinoids on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 177 - 195

Published: April 30, 2021

Some cannabinoids have been identified as anti-inflammatory agents; however, their potential therapeutic or prophylactic applications remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a timely and comprehensive insight into cannabinoid-mediated pro- cytokine responses in preclinical

Language: Английский

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Cannabis and Cannabis Edibles: A Review

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 1751 - 1774

Published: Feb. 8, 2021

Cannabis is an excellent natural source of fiber and various bioactive cannabinoids. So far, at least 120 cannabinoids have been identified, more novel are gradually being unveiled by detailed cannabis studies. However, in both isolated forms especially vulnerable to oxygen, heat, light. Therefore, a diversity associated with their chemical instability large extent. The research status structural conversion introduced. On the other hand, use drug-type phytocannabinoids thereof has rapidly popularized plays indispensable role medical therapy daily recreation. recent legalization edible further extends its application into food industry. varieties legal products current commercial market relatively monotonous due rigorous restrictions under framework Regulations infancy developments. Meanwhile, patents/studies related safety quality assurance systems edibles still rare need be developed. Furthermore, along cannabinoids, many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, polysaccharides exist matrix, these may exhibit prebiotic/probiotic properties improve composition gut microbiome. During metabolism excretion, cannabis, mostly structurally modified during enterohepatic detoxification fermentation. potential adverse effects acute chronic exposure groups clearly recognized. comprehensive understanding chemistry, metabolism, toxicity, commercialization, regulations regarding cannabinoid reviewed updated this contribution.

Language: Английский

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The role of the probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in brain functions: insights underpinning therapeutic potential

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 151 - 176

Published: March 11, 2022

The role of Akkermansia muciniphila, one the most abundant microorganisms intestinal microbiota, has been studied extensively in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. It is considered a next-generation probiotic microorganism. Although its mechanism action not fully elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates important A. muciniphila brain functions via gut-brain axis potential therapeutic target various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, only limited number studies, particularly clinical have directly assessed effects interventions these This first review to discuss comprehensive protection mucosal barrier modulation immune system metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives. Additionally, disorders, including Alzheimer's disease cognitive deficit, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, multiple discussed. suggests healthy functions.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis suppresses antitumor immunity by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling in T cells through CNR2

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 6, 2022

The combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with chemotherapy significantly improves clinical benefit cancer treatment. Since is often associated adverse events, concomitant treatment drugs managing side effects frequently used in the therapy. However, whether these ancillary could impede immunotherapy remains unknown. Here, we showed that ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), key ingredient approved for chemotherapy-caused nausea, reduced therapeutic effect PD-1 blockade. endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) also impeded antitumor immunity, indicating an immunosuppressive role system (ECS). Consistently, high levels AEA sera were poor overall survival patients. We further found cannabinoids impaired function tumor-specific T cells through CNR2. Using a knock-in mouse model expressing FLAG-tagged Cnr2 gene, discovered CNR2 binds to JAK1 and inhibits downstream STAT signaling cells. Taken together, our results unveiled novel mechanism ECS-mediated suppression on T-cell immunity against cancer, suggest cannabis should be avoided during immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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