Carbon Dots: Classification, Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Health Care—An Updated Review (2018–2021)

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2525 - 2525

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Carbon dots (CDs) are usually smaller than 10 nm in size, and meticulously formulated recently introduced nanomaterials, among the other types of carbon-based nanomaterials. They have gained significant attention an incredible interest field nanotechnology biomedical science, which is merely due to their considerable exclusive attributes; including enhanced electron transferability, photobleaching photo-blinking effects, high photoluminescent quantum yield, fluorescence property, resistance photo-decomposition, increased electrocatalytic activity, good aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, long-term chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, negligible toxicity, acquaintance large effective surface area-to-volume ratio. CDs can be readily functionalized owing abundant functional groups on surfaces, they also exhibit remarkable sensing features such as specific, selective, multiplex detectability. In addition, physico-chemical characteristics easily tunable based intended usage or application. this comprehensive review article, we mainly discuss classification CDs, ideal properties, general synthesis approaches, primary characterization techniques. More importantly, update readers about recent trends health care applications (viz., substantial prominent role area electrochemical optical biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, well photodynamic/photothermal therapy).

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one the most serious threats to human health, attributed factors such as emergence new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments lifestyles, aging population. Despite rapid advancements mechanistic research development for these current treatments often have limited efficacy notable side effects, necessitating more effective targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support prevention, treatment, detection inflammation-associated diseases. Various types nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving vaccine vehicles enhance immunogenicity carriers improve targeting bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens inflammation. addition, facilitated biosensors pathogen imaging techniques This review categorizes characterizes different NPs, summarizes their applications It discusses challenges associated with clinical translation this field explores latest developments prospects. conclusion, opens up possibilities comprehensive management

Language: Английский

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Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 7865 - 7865

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

This review summarizes the current knowledge on and future applications of carbon nanoparticles in medicine. The nanoparticle family has a large number representatives with unique physicochemical properties that make them good candidates for use clinical best-known (and most researched) include graphene, graphene oxide, nanotubes. main direction involves medical diagnostics, which includes bioimaging detection chemicals or metabolites present body. Since question toxicity not been fully answered, fields therapeutics (drug delivery), regenerative medicine (cell scaffolding, tissue engineering), vaccine production is still under research many vivo studies are ongoing. These preclinical suggest have great potential diagnosis treatment; results show used do significant toxic effects; however, caution needed before introduced into routine practice.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(6), P. 3085 - 3185

Published: March 13, 2024

Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these biomedical environmental applications, with emphasis imaging, biosensing, cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily graphitic including graphene its derivatives, nanotubes, as well dots nanohoops. Recent advances future prospects fields discussed at depth, where appropriate, references reviews pertaining older literature provided.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in wearable sensors for cardiovascular disease detection for health monitoring

Materials Science and Engineering R Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 100804 - 100804

Published: May 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 11, 2022

Abstract Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence development vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, senescence, epigenetic alterations highly associated with aging physiopathology. Advances nanoparticles nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, better prognosis well less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window field related Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge classification relationship between Importantly, comprehensively summarized potential nanoparticles-based therapeutic techniques diseases, including cardiovascular cerebrovascular chronic kidney discussed advantages limitations their clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Graphene Oxide–Protein-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications

Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1032 - 1032

Published: March 4, 2022

The field of tissue engineering is constantly evolving as it aims to develop bioengineered and functional tissues organs for repair or replacement. Due their large surface area ability interact with proteins peptides, graphene oxides offer valuable physiochemical biological features biomedical applications have been successfully employed optimizing scaffold architectures a wide range organs, from the skin cardiac tissue. This review critically focuses on opportunities employ protein-graphene oxide structures either nanocomposites biocomplexes highlights effects carbonaceous nanostructures protein conformation structural stability in regenerative medicine. Herein, recent activity nanocomposite bioconjugates are analyzed respect cell viability proliferation, along these constructs sustain formation new Novel strategies approaches based stem therapy, well involvement extracellular matrix design smart nanoplatforms, discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Integration of Nanomedicine with Traditional Chinese Medicine: Drug Delivery of Natural Products and Other Opportunities

Molecular Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 886 - 904

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

The integration of progressive technologies such as nanomedicine with the use natural products from traditional medicine (TM) provides a unique opportunity for longed-for harmonization between and modern medicine. Although several actions have been initiated decades ago, disparity reasons including some misunderstandings each other limits possibilities truly complementation. Herein, we analyze common challenges Chinese (TCM). These challenges, if solved in consensual way, can give boost to harmonization. Nanomedicine is recently born technology, while TCM has used by people thousands years. However, these disciplines, regulation standardization many protocols, especially related toxicity safety, regulatory aspects, manufacturing procedures, are under discussion. Besides, both still need achieve wider social acceptance. first briefly discuss strengths weaknesses TCM. This analysis serves focus afterward on aspects where mutually help bridge existing gaps Western As discussed, be applied TM general. Finally, recent successful cases scientific literature that merge reviewed examples benefits this

Language: Английский

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Theranostic applications of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials

View, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: March 3, 2023

Abstract Nanobiotechnology is one of the leading research areas in biomedical science, developing rapidly worldwide. Among various types nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal attention from scientific community, especially with respect to their prospective application field disease diagnosis and therapy. The unique features these nanomaterials, including favorable size, high surface area, electrical, structural, optical, chemical properties, provided an excellent opportunity for utilization theranostic systems. Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, graphene, fullerene are most employed CNMs fields. They been considered safe efficient non‐invasive diagnostic techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance biosensors. Various functionalized exhibit capacity improve cell targeting anticancer drugs. Due thermal they extensively used cancer photothermal photodynamic therapy assisted by laser irradiation CNMs. also can cross blood‐brain barrier potential treat brain disorders, instance, neurodegenerative diseases, removing amyloid fibrils. This review has summarized emphasized on recent advances

Language: Английский

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Neuro-nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano-based strategies in applied neuroscience

BioMedical Engineering OnLine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Abstract Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example an innovation has emerged as a result advanced nanostructures and interfaces, which increased potential prostheses neural interfaces. unique physical–chemical properties nanoparticles also facilitated development imaging instruments for laboratory systems, well intelligently scaffolds microelectrodes other technologies designed increase our understanding tissue processes. incorporation nanotechnology into physiology cell biology enables tailoring molecular interactions. This involves interactions with neurons glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended effectively interact neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials hybridized compounds utilized regeneration, neuroprotection, targeted delivery medicines small chemicals across blood–brain barrier all purposes present article.

Language: Английский

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