Photodynamic Therapy Review: Principles, Photosensitizers, Applications, and Future Directions

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1332 - 1332

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality that has gained great attention in the past years as new for cancer treatment. PDT uses photosensitizers that, after being excited by light at specific wavelength, react with molecular oxygen to create reactive species target tissue, resulting cell death. Compared conventional modalities, presents greater selectivity against tumor cells, due use of are preferably localized lesions, and precise irradiation these lesions. This paper review principles, mechanisms, photosensitizers, current applications PDT. Moreover, future path on research enhanced selectivity, featuring improvement effectiveness, also been addressed. Finally, have covered.

Language: Английский

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Electronic Textiles for Wearable Point-of-Care Systems

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(3), P. 3259 - 3291

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Traditional public health systems are suffering from limited, delayed, and inefficient medical services, especially when confronted with the pandemic aging population. Fusing traditional textiles diagnostic, therapeutic, protective devices can unlock electronic (e-textiles) as point-of-care platform technologies on human body, continuously monitoring vital signs implementing round-the-clock treatment protocols in close proximity to patient. This review comprehensively summarizes research advances e-textiles for wearable systems. We start a brief introduction emphasize significance of current healthcare system. Then, we describe textile sensors diagnosis, therapeutic treatment, prevention, by highlighting their working mechanisms, representative materials, clinical application scenarios. Afterward, detail e-textiles' connection gateway real-time data transmission processing context 5G Internet Things. Finally, provide new insights into remaining challenges future directions field e-textiles. Fueled chemistry materials science, textile-based diagnostic devices, communication units expected interact synergistically construct intelligent, platforms, ultimately illuminating system Things era.

Language: Английский

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Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(24), P. 13135 - 13272

Published: Oct. 30, 2020

Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species interest. Recent years have seen development PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand applicability this powerful method its accessibility non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in visible- NIR-range various leaving gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide). The text NIR-light-induced photosensitized using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, upconversion second-harmonic nanoparticles, well via photodynamic (photooxygenation singlet oxygen) photothermal effects. Release from polymers, micelles, vesicles, photoswitches, along with related emerging field photopharmacology, is discussed at end review.

Language: Английский

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Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019

Published: March 29, 2019

The Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment is an open access journal focused on cancer metastasis treatment, including the occurrence, development, progression, metastasis, treatment oncologic disease. It covers basic, translational clinical research related to cell biology, genomics, precision medicine, oncology internal radiotherapy radiology, obstetrics gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, hematology, neurooncology, etc.

Language: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy—Current Limitations and Novel Approaches

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 10, 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via excitation a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT applied in settings several malignant diseases. In fact, earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported treatment skin tumors by 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated effectiveness PDT. Thus, technique has attracted attention numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received FDA approval as clinical application 1995. We have indeed witnessed considerable progress field over last century. Given fact favorable adverse event profile and enhance anti-tumor immune responses well demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing not broadly utilized setting for and/or non-malignant issues still hinder development PDT, such those related with light, tissue oxygenation inherent properties photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers been designed/synthesized order overcome limitations. this Review, we provide general overview mechanisms action terms cancer, including effects system vasculature cell destruction. will also briefly mention The current limitations utilization cancer reviewed, identifying problems associated design/synthesis light might pave way more effective approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches improve outcome selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. discussed detail, potential pioneering exceptional aim reveal full translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding concepts ( e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) most likely prove very useful pursuing improving strategies.

Language: Английский

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The recent progress on metal–organic frameworks for phototherapy

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 5086 - 5125

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Some infectious or malignant diseases such as cancers are seriously threatening the health of human beings all over world. The commonly used antibiotic therapy cannot effectively treat these within a short time, and also bring about adverse effects drug resistance immune system damage during long-term systemic treatment. Phototherapy is an emerging antibiotic-free strategy to diseases. Upon light irradiation, phototherapeutic agents can generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce temperature increase, which leads death targeted cells. These two kinds killing strategies referred photodynamic (PDT) photothermal (PTT), respectively. So far, many photo-responsive have been developed. Among them, metal-organic framework (MOF) becoming one most promising materials because its structure chemical compositions be easily modulated achieve specific functions. MOFs intrinsic ability under rational design MOF construction, serve carrier therapeutic agents, owing tunable porosity. provide feasibility for various combined therapies targeting methods, improves efficiency phototherapy. In this review, we firstly investigated principles phototherapy, comprehensively summarized recent advances in PDT, PTT synergistic therapy, from construction modification. We expect that our demonstration will shed on future development field, it step closer clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Detection, identification, and quantification of oxidative protein modifications

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 294(51), P. 19683 - 19708

Published: Oct. 31, 2019

Exposure of biological molecules to oxidants is inevitable and therefore commonplace. Oxidative stress in cells arises from both external agents endogenous processes that generate reactive species, either purposely (e.g. during pathogen killing or enzymatic reactions) accidentally exposure radiation, pollutants, drugs, chemicals). As proteins are highly abundant react rapidly with many oxidants, they susceptible to, major targets of, oxidative damage. This can result changes protein structure, function, turnover loss (occasional) gain activity. Accumulation oxidatively-modified proteins, due increased generation decreased removal, has been associated aging multiple diseases. Different a broad, sometimes characteristic, spectrum post-translational modifications. The kinetics (rates) damage formation also vary dramatically. There pressing need for reliable robust methods detect, identify, quantify the products formed on amino acids, peptides, especially complex systems. review summarizes several advances our understanding this chemistry highlights available detect modifications—at acid, peptide, level—and their nature, quantity, position within peptide sequence. Although considerable progress made development application new techniques, it clear further required fully assess relative importance oxidation determine whether an cause, merely consequence, injurious processes.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for controllable photodynamic cancer therapy

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 105213 - 105213

Published: Jan. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer–A Review of the Current Clinical Status

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be in various types of tumors. Originally, light is effective tool that the diseases ages. The effects combination specific dyes with illumination was demonstrated at beginning 20th century novel PDT approaches have developed ever since. Main strategies current studies are to reduce off-target improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given high interest vast literature about topic, approval first drug/device by FDA should come no surprise. consists two stages treatment, combining energy PS order destruct tumor cells after activation light. In general, fewer side toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. addition purpose several PSs diagnostic purposes Such called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). this Review, we provide general overview clinical applications cancer, including therapeutic approaches. Assessment efficacy clinic will discussed, since identifying predictors determine response crucial. addition, examples tumors discussed. Furthermore, other modalities such chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery immunotherapy emphasized, seem promising terms enhancing effectiveness against tumor. treatments may yield better results single treatments. Moreover, utilization lower doses setting cause less therapy. A understanding well optimization complex multimodal expand PDT.

Language: Английский

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Nanozymes-recent development and biomedical applications

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Nanozyme is a series of nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic activities that can proceed the catalytic reactions natural enzymes. In field biomedicine, nanozymes are capturing tremendous attention due to their high stability and low cost. Enzyme-mimetic be regulated by multiple factors, such as chemical state metal ion, pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione (GSH) level, presenting great promise for biomedical applications. Over past decade, multi-functional have been developed various To promote understandings development novel multifunctional nanozymes, we herein provide comprehensive review applications in field. Nanozymes versatile enzyme-like properties briefly overviewed, mechanism application discussed future research. Finally, underlying challenges prospects frontier this review.

Language: Английский

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