Toxics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 155 - 155
Published: Feb. 7, 2023
Electronic
nicotine
delivery
systems
(ENDS)
aerosols
are
complex
mixtures
of
chemicals,
metals,
and
particles
that
may
present
inhalation
hazards
adverse
respiratory
health
risks.
Despite
being
considered
a
safer
alternative
to
tobacco
cigarettes,
metal
exposure
levels
effects
associated
with
device
aging
vaping
frequency
have
not
been
fully
characterized.
In
this
study,
we
utilize
an
automated
multi-channel
ENDS
aerosol
generation
system
(EAGS)
generate
from
JUUL
pod-type
using
tobacco-flavored
e-liquid.
Aerosol
puff
fractions
(1-50)
(101-150)
monitored
sampled
various
collection
media.
Extracted
prepared
for
toxicological
analysis
human
primary
small
airway
epithelial
cells
(SAEC).
aerosol-mediated
cellular
responses,
including
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
oxidative
stress,
cell
viability,
DNA
damage,
evaluated
after
24
h
7-day
exposures.
Our
results
show
higher
particle
concentrations
in
later
(0.135
mg/m3)
than
initial
(0.00212
mg/m3).
Later
fraction
contain
toxic
concentrations,
chromium,
copper,
lead,
which
elicit
increased
ROS
followed
by
significant
declines
total
glutathione
viability.
Notably,
30%
increase
damage
was
observed
7
days
because
This
work
is
consistent
becoming
more
hazardous
across
the
use
pre-filled
pod
devices,
threaten
health.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 580 - 580
Published: July 3, 2023
Natural
and
anthropogenic
sources
of
metals
in
the
ecosystem
are
perpetually
increasing;
consequently,
heavy
metal
(HM)
accumulation
has
become
a
major
environmental
concern.
Human
exposure
to
HMs
increased
dramatically
due
industrial
activities
20th
century.
Mercury,
arsenic
lead,
chrome,
cadmium
have
been
most
prevalent
that
caused
human
toxicity.
Poisonings
can
be
acute
or
chronic
following
via
water,
air,
food.
The
bioaccumulation
these
results
variety
toxic
effects
on
various
tissues
organs.
Comparing
mechanisms
action
reveals
induce
toxicity
similar
pathways,
including
production
reactive
oxygen
species,
inactivation
enzymes,
oxidative
stress.
conventional
techniques
employed
for
elimination
deemed
inadequate
when
HM
concentration
is
less
than
100
mg/L.
In
addition,
methods
exhibit
certain
limitations,
secondary
pollutants,
high
demand
energy
chemicals,
reduced
cost-effectiveness.
As
result,
employment
microbial
bioremediation
purpose
detoxification
emerged
as
viable
solution,
given
microorganisms,
fungi
bacteria,
superior
biosorption
bio-accumulation
capabilities.
This
review
deals
with
uptake
associated
HMs,
will
increase
our
knowledge
their
body
organs,
leading
better
management
poisoning.
aims
enhance
comprehension
offer
judicious
selection
remediation
technology
HMs.
Microbial-based
solutions
sustainable
could
potentially
crucial
cost-effective
reducing
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(12), P. 2375 - 2375
Published: Nov. 30, 2022
Hexavalent
chromium
is
a
highly
soluble
environmental
contaminant.
It
widespread
anthropogenic
species
that
100
times
more
toxic
than
trivalent
chromium.
Leather,
chrome
plating,
coal
mining
and
paint
industries
are
the
major
sources
of
hexavalent
in
water.
widely
recognised
as
carcinogen
mutagen
humans
other
animals.
also
responsible
for
multiorgan
damage,
such
kidney
liver
failure,
heart
skin
disease
lung
dysfunction.
The
fate
toxicity
depends
on
its
oxidation
state.
reduction
Cr
(VI)
to
(III)
generation
reactive
oxygen
(ROS)
intermediate
species,
(V)
(IV).
Reactive
oxidative
tissue
damage
disruption
cell
organelles,
mitochondria,
DNA,
RNA
protein
molecules.
(VI)-induced
stress
can
be
neutralised
by
antioxidant
system
human
animal
cells.
In
this
review,
authors
summarise
source,
defence
mechanism
against
(ROS).
Archives of Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
Abstract
Heavy
metals
are
naturally
occurring
components
of
the
Earth’s
crust
and
persistent
environmental
pollutants.
Human
exposure
to
heavy
occurs
via
various
pathways,
including
inhalation
air/dust
particles,
ingesting
contaminated
water
or
soil,
through
food
chain.
Their
bioaccumulation
may
lead
diverse
toxic
effects
affecting
different
body
tissues
organ
systems.
The
toxicity
depends
on
properties
given
metal,
dose,
route,
duration
(acute
chronic),
extent
bioaccumulation.
detrimental
impacts
human
health
largely
linked
their
capacity
interfere
with
antioxidant
defense
mechanisms,
primarily
interaction
intracellular
glutathione
(GSH)
sulfhydryl
groups
(R-SH)
enzymes
such
as
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
catalase,
peroxidase
(GPx),
reductase
(GR),
other
enzyme
Although
arsenic
(As)
is
believed
bind
directly
critical
thiols,
alternative
hydrogen
peroxide
production
processes
have
also
been
postulated.
known
signaling
pathways
affect
a
variety
cellular
processes,
cell
growth,
proliferation,
survival,
metabolism,
apoptosis.
For
example,
cadmium
can
BLC-2
family
proteins
involved
in
mitochondrial
death
overexpression
antiapoptotic
Bcl-2
suppression
proapoptotic
(BAX,
BAK)
thus
increasing
resistance
cells
undergo
malignant
transformation.
Nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(Nrf2)
an
important
regulator
enzymes,
level
oxidative
stress,
oxidants
has
shown
act
double-edged
sword
response
arsenic-induced
stress.
Another
mechanism
significant
threats
metal
(e.g.,
Pb)
involves
substitution
essential
calcium
(Ca),
copper
(Cu),
iron
(Fe))
structurally
similar
(Cd)
(Pb))
metal-binding
sites
proteins.
Displaced
redox
(copper,
iron,
manganese)
from
natural
catalyze
decomposition
Fenton
reaction
generate
damaging
ROS
hydroxyl
radicals,
causing
damage
lipids,
proteins,
DNA.
Conversely,
some
metals,
cadmium,
suppress
synthesis
nitric
oxide
radical
(NO
·
),
manifested
by
altered
vasorelaxation
and,
consequently,
blood
pressure
regulation.
Pb-induced
stress
be
indirectly
responsible
for
depletion
due
its
(O
·−
resulting
formation
potent
biological
oxidant,
peroxynitrite
(ONOO
−
).
This
review
comprehensively
discusses
mechanisms
effects.
Aluminum
(Al),
(Cd),
(As),
mercury
(Hg),
(Pb),
chromium
(Cr)
roles
development
gastrointestinal,
pulmonary,
kidney,
reproductive,
neurodegenerative
(Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
diseases),
cardiovascular,
cancer
(e.g.
renal,
lung,
skin,
stomach)
diseases
discussed.
A
short
account
devoted
detoxification
chelation
use
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid
(
EDTA),
dimercaprol
(BAL),
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic
(DMSA),
2,3-dimercapto-1-propane
sulfonic
(DMPS),
penicillamine
chelators.
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 26, 2024
Cr
(VI)
compounds
find
wide
uses
in
the
industrial
sector,
such
as
wood
preservation,
tanning,
chrome
plating,
and
anticorrosive
agents.
Several
kinds
of
both
natural
factors
can
lead
to
contamination
wastewater.
Human
exposure
hazardous
metal
ion
a
variety
health
problems.
The
undergoes
transition
into
lower
oxidation
state
once
it
enters
cell,
causing
oxidative
stress
harming
organelles.
Not
only
do
sugar-phosphate
backbones,
histones,
base
pairing
DNA
suffer
from
induced
genotoxicity,
but
chromosomes
are
also
impacted.
Because
is
more
compared
other
metals,
needs
be
removed
water
It
feasible
remove
using
physiochemical
methods,
they
expensive
produce
sludge.
Therefore,
there
an
urgent
need
for
economical
eco-friendly
removal
technique.
Biological
techniques
including
biosorption,
bioreduction,
bioaccumulation
regarded
environmentally
beneficial
techniques.
sources
(VI),
toxicity,
green
technology
were
authors'
main
points
emphasis
this
review.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(13), P. 5145 - 5161
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Non-small
cell
lung
cancer
(NSCLC),
a
major
subtype
of
cancer,
encompasses
squamous
carcinoma,
adenocarcinoma,
and
large
carcinoma.
Compared
to
small
NSCLC
cells
grow
divide
more
slowly,
their
metastasis
occurs
at
later
stage.
Currently,
chemotherapy
is
the
primary
treatment
for
this
disease.
Sappanone
A
(SA)
flavonoid
compound
extracted
from
plant
Caesalpinia
sappan,
known
its
antitumor,
redox-regulating,
anti-inflammatory
properties.
Recent
studies
have
investigated
interaction
SA
with
mitochondrial
pathways
in
regulating
death
through
Nrf-2/GPX-4/xCT
axis.
This
study
specifically
explores
mechanism
by
which
affects
morphology
structure
regulation
mitophagy
biogenesis
tumor
cells.
The
primarily
utilizes
second-generation
transcriptomic
sequencing
data
molecular
docking
techniques
elucidate
role
programmed
omics
results
indicate
that
significantly
targets
genes
involved
oxidative
phosphorylation,
mitophagy,
dynamics,
stress.
Further
findings
confirmed
Nrf-2/GPX4/xCT
pathway
serves
as
crucial
target
NSCLC.
Knockdown
Nrf-2
(si-Nrf-2)
overexpression
(ad-Nrf-2)
were
shown
modulate
therapeutic
efficacy
varying
degrees.
Additionally,
modifications
GPX4/xCT
affected
regulatory
effects
on
autophagy,
biogenesis,
energy
metabolism.
These
mechanisms
may
be
mediated
caspase
ferroptosis-related
signaling.
Molecular
biology
experiments
demonstrated
intervention
further
inhibits
phosphorylation
FUNDC1
Tyr18
downregulates
TOM20
expression.
was
found
reduce
expression
PGC1α,
Nrf-1,
Tfam,
resulting
decrease
respiration
Overexpression
counteract
biogenesis.
Confocal
microscopy
revealed
increases
fragmentation,
subsequently
inducing
pathway-mediated
death.
However,
genetic
modification
altered
In
conclusion,
has
been
identified
promising
agent
apoptosis
ferroptosis
represent
key
Targeting
axis
offers
novel
approach
maintaining
homeostasis
within
cellular
microenvironment.
