Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: May 24, 2024
Abstract
Background
Cartilaginous
endplate
(CEP)
degeneration,
which
is
an
important
contributor
to
intervertebral
disc
degeneration
(IVDD),
characterized
by
chondrocyte
death.
Accumulating
evidence
has
revealed
that
dynamin-related
protein
1
(Drp1)-mediated
mitochondrial
fission
and
dysfunction
lead
apoptosis
during
CEP
IVDD.
Exosomes
are
promising
agents
for
the
treatment
of
many
diseases,
including
osteoporosis,
osteosarcoma,
osteoarthritis
Despite
their
major
success
in
drug
delivery,
full
potential
exosomes
remains
untapped.
Materials
methods
In
vitro
vivo
models
were
established
using
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS).
We
designed
genetically
engineered
(CAP-Nrf2-Exos)
expressing
chondrocyte-affinity
peptide
(CAP)
on
surface
carrying
antioxidant
transcription
factor
nuclear
E2-related
2
(Nrf2).
The
affinity
between
CAP-Nrf2-Exos
was
evaluated
internalization
assays
imaging
assays.
qRT‒PCR,
Western
blotting
immunofluorescence
performed
examine
expression
level
Nrf2
subcellular
localization
Drp1.
Mitochondrial
function
measured
JC-1
probe
MitoSOX
Red.
morphology
visualized
MitoTracker
staining
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM).
After
subendplate
injection
exosomes,
degree
IVDD
validated
radiologically
histologically.
Results
found
cargo
delivery
efficiency
after
packaging
increased
modification.
facilitated
chondrocyte-targeted
activated
endogenous
defence
system
cells.
inhibited
Drp1
S616
phosphorylation
translocation,
thereby
preventing
fragmentation
dysfunction.
LPS-induced
cell
alleviated
CAP-Nrf2-Exo
treatment.
a
rat
model
successfully
attenuated
exhibited
better
repair
capacity
than
natural
exosomes.
Conclusion
Collectively,
our
findings
showed
exosome-mediated
effective
strategy
treating
degeneration.
Graphic
abstract
delivered
into
cells
inhibiting
Drp1-mediated
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(19), P. 5915 - 5915
Published: Oct. 3, 2024
Discogenic
low
back
pain
(LBP)
is
a
significant
clinical
condition
arising
from
degeneration
of
the
intervertebral
disc,
common
yet
complex
cause
chronic
pain,
defined
by
fissuring
in
annulus
fibrosus
resulting
vascularization
growing
granulation
tissue
and
growth
nociceptive
nerve
fibers
along
laceration
area.
This
paper
delves
into
anatomical
pathophysiological
underpinnings
discogenic
LBP,
emphasizing
role
disc
onset
pain.
The
pathogenesis
multifactorial,
involving
processes
like
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
accumulation
advanced
glycation
end
products,
pyroptosis,
all
contributing
to
subsequent
Despite
its
prevalence,
diagnosing
LBP
challenging
due
overlapping
symptoms
with
other
forms
absence
definitive
diagnostic
criteria.
Current
approaches
include
evaluations,
imaging
techniques,
exploration
potential
biomarkers.
Treatment
strategies
range
conservative
management,
such
as
physical
therapy
pharmacological
interventions,
more
invasive
procedures
spinal
injections
surgery.
Emerging
therapies
targeting
molecular
pathways
involved
are
under
investigation
hold
for
future
application.
highlights
necessity
multidisciplinary
approach
combining
clinical,
imaging,
data
enhance
accuracy
diagnosis
effectiveness
treatment
ultimately
aiming
improve
patient
outcomes.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2025
Liver
transplantation
is
the
most
effective
treatment
for
end-stage
liver
disease.
However,
shortage
of
donor
livers
has
become
a
significant
obstacle
to
advancement
transplantation.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells-derived
exosomes
(MSCs-Exo)
have
been
extensively
investigated
in
diseases.
underlying
mechanisms
how
they
can
protect
organ
donation
after
cardiac
death
(DCD)
remain
unclear.
In
this
study,
an
arterialized
mouse
non-heart-beating
(NHB)
model
was
used
investigate
effect
MSCs-Exo
on
NHB
The
survival
rates,
histology,
pro-inflammatory
cytokine
and
chemokine
expression,
were
investigated.
infusion
reduced
injury
DCD
graft
tissue.
vitro
vivo
experiments
demonstrated
that
could
inhibit
hydrogen
peroxide-induced
pyroptosis
Kupffer
cells.
We
found
miR-17-5p
significantly
abundant
MSCs-Exo,
targeting
regulating
TXNIP
expression.
This
action
inhibited
NLRP3-mediated
cells
through
classical
Caspase1-dependent
pathway,
alleviating
injury.
Our
study
elucidated
protective
role
model.
mechanism
provides
theoretical
basis
new
strategies
clinical
application
improve
quality
alleviate
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Bone-related
diseases
impact
a
large
portion
of
the
global
population
and,
due
to
their
high
disability
rates
and
limited
treatment
options,
pose
significant
medical
economic
challenges.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
can
differentiate
into
multiple
cell
types
offer
strong
regenerative
potential,
making
them
promising
for
treating
various
diseases.
However,
issues
with
immune
response
survival
limit
effectiveness
transplantation.
This
has
led
increased
interest
in
cell-free
therapy,
particularly
use
exosomes,
which
is
most
studied
form
this
approach.
Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
that
contain
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids
play
key
role
communication
material
exchange.
Pyroptosis,
death
involved
innate
immunity,
also
associated
many
Studies
have
shown
MSC-derived
exosomes
therapeutic
potential
range
conditions
by
regulating
inflammation
pyroptosis.
study
explored
modulating
pyroptosis
improve
bone-related
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
Chronic
low
back
pain
(LBP)
is
an
increasingly
prevalent
issue,
especially
among
aging
populations.
A
major
underlying
cause
of
LBP
intervertebral
disc
degeneration
(IDD),
often
triggered
by
(IVD)
inflammation.
Inflammation
the
IVD
divided
into
Septic
and
Aseptic
Conservative
therapy
surgical
treatment
fail
to
address
root
IDD.
Recent
advances
in
infection
inflammation
range
from
antibiotics
small-molecule
drugs
cellular
therapies,
biological
agents,
innovative
biomaterials.
This
review
sheds
light
on
complex
mechanisms
physiological
biochemical
processes
Furthermore,
it
provides
overview
recent
research
developments
this
area,
intending
identify
novel
therapeutic
targets
guide
future
clinical
strategies
for
effectively
treating
IVD-related
conditions.
Journal of drug targeting,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
32(6), P. 624 - 634
Published: April 23, 2024
Scientific
knowledge
of
cancer
has
advanced
greatly
throughout
the
years,
with
most
recent
studies
findings
includes
many
hallmarks
that
capture
disease's
multifaceted
character.
One
novel
approach
utilized
for
delivery
anti-cancer
agents
mesenchymal
stem
cell
mediated
drug
delivery.
Mesenchymal
cells
(MSCs)
are
non-hematopoietic
progenitor
may
be
extracted
from
bone
marrow,
tooth
pulp,
adipose
tissue
and
placenta/umbilical
cord
blood
dealing
adult
cells.
MSCs
mostly
involved
in
regeneration
tissue,
they
have
also
been
shown
to
preferentially
migrate
location
several
types
tumor
in-vivo.
Usage
ought
improve
both
effectiveness
safety
drugs
by
enhancing
efficiency
therapies
site.
Numerous
researches
demonstrated
various
drugs,
when
delivered
via
can
elicit
anti-tumor
effect
cancers
breast
thyroid
minimal
immunogenicity
because
lack
co-stimulatory
molecule
expression,
which
means
there
is
no
requirement
immunosuppression
after
allogenic
transplantation.
This
current
review
elaborates
advancements
mesenchyma
along
its
mechanism
previously
reported
manufactured
this
system.
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Low
back
pain
caused
by
intervertebral
disc
degeneration
(IDD)
has
emerged
as
a
significant
global
public
health
concern,
with
far-reaching
consequences
for
patients'
quality
of
life
and
healthcare
systems.
Although
previous
research
have
revealed
that
the
mechanisms
cell
apoptosis,
pyroptosis
necroptosis
can
aggravate
IDD
damage
mediating
inflammation
promoting
extracellular
matrix
degradation,
but
they
cannot
explain
connection
between
different
death
ion
metabolism
disorders.
The
latest
study
shows
such
cellular
senescence,
ferroptosis,
cuproptosis,
PANopotosis
similar
roles
in
progression
degeneration,
not
exactly
same
mechanism.
This
paper
summarizes
effects
various
patterns
on
disease
IDD,
related
molecular
signaling
pathways,
providing
new
perspectives
potential
clinical
intervention
strategies
prevention
treatment
IDD.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(7), P. 3653 - 3653
Published: March 25, 2024
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
is
a
relapsing
and
reoccurring
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
The
treatment
effect
of
Alhagi
maurorum
stem
cell
extracts
on
UC
remains
unclear.
aim
the
present
study
was
to
investigate
protective
role
combined
with
extract
intestinal
mucosal
barrier
in
an
inflammation
mouse
model.
Sixty
mice
were
randomly
divided
into
control
group,
model
MSC
MSC/Alhagi
group.
found
reduce
disease
activity
index
(DAI)
scores
colitis,
alleviate
weight
loss,
improve
(p
<
0.05),
preserve
integrity
ileal
wall
increase
number
goblet
cells
mucin
colon
tissues.
Little
infiltration
observed
Alhagi,
MSC,
or
groups,
degree
significantly
alleviated
compared
that
distribution
PCNA
TNF-alpha
colonic
tissues
group
more
disperse
than
normal
fluorescence
intensity
lower.
After
intervention,
distributed
along
cellular
membrane
0.05).
Compared
slightly
reduced,
but
it
still
stronger
In
conclusion,
can
reactions
tissue,
possibly
by
strengthening
barrier.
