Cumulative risk, factor analysis, and latent class analysis of childhood adversity data in a nationally representative sample

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 105486 - 105486

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Child Maltreatment, Abuse, and Neglect: An Umbrella Review of Their Prevalence and Definitions.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 72 - 99

Published: April 1, 2023

Child maltreatment (CM) is a recognized public health problem, and epidemiologic data suggest that it widespread phenomenon, albeit with widely varying estimates. Indeed, CM as well child abuse (CA) neglect (CN) are complex phenomena difficult to study for several reasons, including terminological definitional problems pose hurdle estimating epidemiological rates. Therefore, the main aim of this umbrella review revise recent on epidemiology CM, CA, CN. A second was definitions used.

Language: Английский

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Infants who are rarely spoken to nevertheless understand many words

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(23)

Published: May 30, 2024

Theories of language development—informed largely by studies Western, middleclass infants—have highlighted the that caregivers direct to children as a key driver learning. However, some have argued development unfolds similarly across environmental contexts, including those in which childdirected is scarce. This raises possibility are able learn from other sources their environments, particularly directed others environment. We explore this hypothesis with infants an indigenous Tseltal-speaking community Southern Mexico who rarely spoken to, yet opportunity overhear great deal other-directed virtue being carried on mothers’ backs. Adapting previously established gaze-tracking method for detecting early word knowledge our field setting, we find Tseltal exhibit implicit common nouns (Exp. 1), analogous US peers frequently to. Moreover, they comprehension honorific terms exclusively used greet adults 2), representing could only been learned through overhearing. In so doing, demonstrate ability discriminate words similar meanings and perceptually referents at earlier age than has shown among Western children. Together, these results suggest infants, learning overhearing may be important path toward developing language.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain regarding its impact on the developing brain. Large changes occur in white matter microstructure across adolescence, with notable differences by sex. We investigate sex-stratified effects of annual exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at ages 9–10 years longitudinal patterns over a 2-year period. Diffusion-weighted imaging was collected 3T MRI scanners for 8182 participants (1–2 scans per subject; 45% two scans) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Restriction spectrum performed quantify intracellular isotropic (RNI) directional (RND) diffusion. Ensemble-based air concentrations were assigned each child's primary residential address. Multi-pollutant, linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between pollutants RNI/RND age time, adjusting sociodemographic factors. Here we show higher PM2.5 associated RND 9 both sexes, no significant change time. Higher NO2 RNI as well attenuating time females. O3 9, sexes. Criteria influence maturation 9–13 old, some sex-specific magnitude anatomical locations affected tracts. This occurs that are below current U.S. standards, suggesting low-level during adolescence may have long-term consequences. known affect health, but it unclear whether affects growing human investigated there development connections, which allow faster communication different brain regions, children aged 9-13 living areas relatively low or high USA. In large group teens, find polluted linked 9-10 old next years. cases, males females showed part showing amount change. Our study suggests levels deemed acceptable under regulations USA could how grows. Further studies needed better understand these changes. Cotter et al. ambient pollutant microstructural transition childhood adolescence. There associations, primarily affecting sexes

Language: Английский

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Distinctive Mechanisms of Adversity and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Development: A Review and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Policy

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 139 - 146

Published: July 25, 2017

This review proposes separate and distinct biological mechanisms for the effects of adversity, more commonly experienced in poverty, socioeconomic status (SES) on child development. Adversity affects brain cognitive development through stress response, which confers risk pathology. Critically, we argue that a different mechanism, enrichment, shapes differences across SES spectrum. Distinguishing between adversity allows precise, evidence-based policy recommendations. We offer recommendations designed to ensure equity children’s experiences help narrow achievement gap promote intergenerational mobility.

Language: Английский

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