The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 1451 - 1465

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that affects between 5 and 10% general population worldwide. The current symptom criteria restrict diagnosis to recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered habits, but majority patients also report non-painful discomfort, psychiatric conditions (anxiety depression), as well other visceral somatic pain-related symptoms. For decades, IBS was considered an intestinal motility disorder, more recently a gut disorder. However, based on extensive body reported information about central, peripheral mechanisms genetic factors involved in pathophysiology symptoms, comprehensive disease model brain-gut-microbiome has emerged, which can explain chronic pain, comorbidities. In this review, we will first describe novel insights into several key components microbiome interactions, starting alterations connectome enteric nervous system, list distinct functional structural brain signatures, comparing them proposed anxiety disorders. We then point out emerging correlations networks genomic, gastrointestinal, immune, microbiome-related parameters. incorporate new systems-based IBS. Finally, discuss implications such for improved understanding development effective treatment approaches future.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Pain Assessment: Research Methods and Perspectives

Pain Research and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 13

Published: June 28, 2023

Although proper pain evaluation is mandatory for establishing the appropriate therapy, self-reported level assessment has several limitations. Data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) methods can be employed research on automatic (APA). The goal development of objective, standardized, and generalizable instruments useful in different clinical contexts. purpose this article to discuss state art perspectives APA applications both scenarios. Principles AI functioning will addressed. For narrative purposes, AI-based are grouped into behavioral-based approaches neurophysiology-based detection methods. Since generally accompanied by spontaneous facial behaviors, based image classification feature extraction. Language features through natural language strategies, body postures, respiratory-derived elements other investigated approaches. Neurophysiology-based obtained electroencephalography, electromyography, electrodermal activity, biosignals. Recent involve multimode strategies combining behaviors with neurophysiological findings. Concerning methods, early studies were conducted machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, decision tree, random forest classifiers. More recently, neural networks convolutional recurrent network implemented, even combination. Collaboration programs involving clinicians computer scientists must aimed at structuring processing robust datasets that used various settings, from acute chronic conditions. Finally, it crucial apply concepts explainability ethics when examining management.

Language: Английский

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Rescue-like behavior in a bystander mouse toward anesthetized conspecifics promotes arousal via a tongue-brain connection

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Prosocial behaviors are advantageous to social species, but the neural mechanism(s) through which others receive benefit remain unknown. Here, we found that bystander mice display rescue-like behavior (tongue dragging) toward anesthetized cagemates and this tongue dragging promotes arousal from anesthesia a direct tongue-brain circuit. We circuit → glutamatergic neurons in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN Glu ) noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC NE drives rapid bystanders. Artificial inhibition of abolishes effect induced by behavior. Further, revealed paraventricular thalamus (PVT project accumbens shell (NAcSh) mediate These findings reveal connection underlying effects basis governing specific form prosocial

Language: Английский

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Heat of the night: sleep disturbance activates inflammatory mechanisms and induces pain in rheumatoid arthritis

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 545 - 559

Published: July 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Anterior cingulate cortex projections to the dorsal medial striatum underlie insomnia associated with chronic pain

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(8), P. 1328 - 1341.e4

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Chronic pain often leads to the development of sleep disturbances. However, precise neural circuit mechanisms responsible for disorders in chronic have remained largely unknown. Here, we present compelling evidence that hyperactivity pyramidal neurons (PNs) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) drives insomnia a mouse model nerve-injury-induced pain. After nerve injury, ACC PNs displayed spontaneous selectively periods insomnia. We then show were both necessary developing chronic-pain-induced and sufficient mimic loss naive mice. Importantly, combining optogenetics electrophysiological recordings, found projection dorsal medial striatum (DMS) underlies through enhanced activity plasticity ACC-DMS dopamine D1R neuron synapses. Our findings shed light on pivotal role disorders.

Language: Английский

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Inputs to the locus coeruleus from the periaqueductal gray and rostroventral medulla shape opioid-mediated descending pain modulation

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(17)

Published: April 26, 2024

The supraspinal descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) shapes perception via monoaminergic modulation of sensory information in the spinal cord. However, role and synaptic mechanisms noradrenergic signaling remain unclear. Here, we establish that neurons locus coeruleus (LC) are essential for opioid antinociception. While much previous work has emphasized serotonergic pathways, find antinociception is primarily driven by excitatory output from ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) to LC. Furthermore, identify a previously unknown opioid-sensitive inhibitory input rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), suppression which disinhibits LC drive We describe pain-related activity throughout this circuit report presence prominent bifurcating outputs vlPAG RVM. Our findings substantially revise current models DPMS antinociceptive pathway may contribute multiple forms modulation.

Language: Английский

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Neural circuits regulating visceral pain

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 13, 2024

Abstract Visceral hypersensitivity, a common clinical manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome, may contribute to the development chronic visceral pain, which is major challenge for both patients and health providers. Neural circuits in brain encode, store, transfer pain information across regions. In this review, we focus on anterior cingulate cortex paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus highlight progress identifying neural involved pain. We also discuss several circuit mechanisms emphasize importance cross-species, multiangle approaches identification specific neurons determining that control

Language: Английский

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Chronic Pain and Comorbid Emotional Disorders: Neural Circuitry and Neuroimmunity Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 436 - 436

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only involves persistent nociception but also frequently accompanied by significant emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which complicate its management amplify impact. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying comorbidity chronic disturbances. Key areas focus include dysregulation major neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate) resulting functional remodeling critical neural circuits implicated in processing, regulation, reward. Given contribution neuroimmune to chronicity mood we further conducted investigation into role factors, including resident immune cells, infiltrating release inflammatory mediators. discusses current therapeutic strategies, encompassing pharmacological interventions, neuromodulation, integrative approaches, emphasizes necessity targeted treatments address both components. Finally, it identifies gaps understanding outlines future research directions aimed at elucidating complex interplay between thereby laying foundation for more effective holistic treatment paradigms.

Language: Английский

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Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

A significant proportion of patients who sustain a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury endorse persisting, lingering symptoms. The symptoms associated with concussion are nonspecific, and many other medical conditions present similar Medical that overlap symptomatically include anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic pain, fatigue, fibromyalgia, cervical strain injuries. One the factors may account for these similarities is all disturbances in optimal functioning autonomic nervous system its intricate interactions endocrine immune system—the three primary regulatory systems body. When clinicians working presenting persisting after concussion, evidence-based treatment options drawn from literature limited. We framework assessment following based on available evidence (treatment trials), neuroanatomical principles (research into physiology concussion), clinical judgment. review research supporting premise behavioral interventions designed to stabilize optimize body have potential reduce improve patients. Foundational rehabilitation strategies areas sleep stabilization, fatigue management, physical exercise, nutrition, relaxation protocols, activation outlined along practical implementing intervention modules

Language: Английский

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Mode of action of astrocytes in pain: From the spinal cord to the brain

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 102365 - 102365

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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