Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 10, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays certain role in GBM, can directly or indirectly affect efficacy immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by host’s homeostasis, these function distribution cells, promote inhibit inflammatory responses, phenotype, angiogenesis, response, cell infiltration GBM thereby affecting effectiveness ICIs. (2) Some members may reverse T inhibition, increase anti-tumor activity, ultimately improve ICIs targeting specific immunosuppressive cytokines. (3) participate metabolic process drugs, which degrade, transform, produce metabolites, effective concentration bioavailability drugs. Optimizing structure help (4) also regulate status through axis communication, progression therapeutic response to (5) Given importance for ICI therapy, researchers have begun exploring use fecal transplantation (FMT) transplant healthy optimized patients, order their enhance therapy. Preliminary studies suggest FMT therapy some patients. In summary, crucial regulating with deeper understanding relationship between tumor immunity, expected develop more precise personalized strategies prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Auto-Brewery: Why Dysbiosis and the Legalome Matter to Forensic and Legal Psychology

Laws, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 46 - 46

Published: July 11, 2024

International studies have linked the consumption of ultra-processed foods with a variety non-communicable diseases. Included in this growing body research is evidence linking to mental disorders, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Although idea that dietary patterns various nutrients or additives can influence brain behavior has long history criminology, absence plausible mechanisms convincing intervention trials, topic was mostly excluded from mainstream discourse. The emergence across nutritional neuroscience psychology/psychiatry, combined mechanistic bench science, human provided support epidemiological findings, legitimacy concept criminology. Among emergent research, microbiome sciences illuminated pathways socioeconomic environmental factors, including foods, aggression Here review, we examine burgeoning related food addiction, explore its relevance criminal justice spectrum—from prevention intervention—and courtroom considerations diminished capacity. We use auto-brewery syndrome as an example intersecting diet gut science been used refute mens rea charges. legalome—microbiome omics applied forensic legal psychology—appears set emerge important consideration matters law, justice.

Language: Английский

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Baseline gut microbiome and metabolites are correlated with changes in alcohol consumption in participants in a randomized Zonisamide clinical trial

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota their associated metabolites both animal human studies. However, the involvement microbiome consumption individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n = 32) were collected at screening (baseline) trial completion from a double-blind, placebo-controlled zonisamide AUD. Alcohol was measured baseline endpoint 16-week period. Fecal analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing metabolome untargeted LC-MS. Both sex (p 0.003) psychotropic medication usage 0.025) are composition. The relative abundance 11 genera correlated percent drinking reduction (p.adj < 0.1). Overall community structure differed between high low reducers (67–100% 0–33% reduction, respectively; p 0.034). A positive relationship fecal GABA levels (R 0.43, p.adj 0.07) identified by function prediction confirmed ELISA metabolomics. Metabolomics analysis also found 3-hydroxykynurenine, neurotoxic intermediate metabolite tryptophan, negatively 0.047), over-represented reducers. These findings highlight importance amino acid participants treatment. It may hold significant value as predictive tool clinical settings better personalize intervention improve future.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbial diversity and functional characterization in people with alcohol use disorder: A case-control study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. e0302195 - e0302195

Published: June 12, 2024

Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) typically have comorbid chronic health conditions, including anxiety and depression disorders, increased sleep disruption, poor nutrition status, along gut microbial dysbiosis. To better understand the effects of dysbiosis previously shown in individuals AUD, microbiome metabolome were investigated between three cohorts. Two groups AUD included treatment-seeking newly abstinent for at least six weeks (AB: N = 10) non-treatment-seeking currently drinking (CD: 9) individuals. The third group was age, gender, BMI-matched healthy controls (HC: 12). Deep phenotyping during two outpatient National Institutes Health Clinical Center visits performed, clinical, psychological, medical, metabolic, dietary, experimental assessments. Alpha beta diversity differential taxa metabolite abundance examined across groups. Metabolites derived from lipid super-pathway identified to be more abundant AB compared CD HC appeared most clinically different respect their metabolome. These findings highlight potential long-term alcohol use even short-term abstinence.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of Visceral Systems to the Development of Substance Use Disorders: Translational Aspects of Interaction between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms

Biochemistry (Moscow), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(11), P. 1868 - 1888

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Microbiome at the Interface of the Exposome and Risk for Psychiatric Disorders

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 95(4), P. 298 - 299

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Alter the Microbial and Behavioral Consequences of Methamphetamine Exposure in a Sex-Selective Manner

Psychoactives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 318 - 336

Published: July 1, 2024

Methamphetamine use disorder (MuD) is a global health problem, with no FDA-approved medications. Our prior work demonstrated that repeated methamphetamine exposure alters the gut microbiota in male rats and results depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we extend our findings to females determine whether probiotics block these effects. Male female were administered (2 mg/kg; SC) or saline twice daily either combination of two (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 Bifidobacterium longum R0175) placebo solution for 14 days. Fecal samples collected at baseline other days after treatment cessation. Tests anxiety- behaviors conducted using open-field forced-swim assays. induced anxiety-like behavior males. Probiotics blocked effect males but did not alter effects sex. decreased levels alpha diversity both sexes, sex differences seen ability various bacteria. These support role gut–brain microbiome depressive males, suggesting may be viable option MuD.

Language: Английский

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Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine in male mice

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 137 - 149

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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