A guide to the organ-on-a-chip

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 12, 2022

Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips designed to control cell microenvironments and maintain tissue-specific functions. Combining advances in tissue engineering microfabrication, OoCs have gained interest as a next-generation experimental platform investigate pathophysiology effect of therapeutics body. There many examples there applications, making it difficult for new researchers understand what makes one OoC more suited an application than another. This Primer is intended give introduction aspects that need be considered when developing application-specific OoC. The covers guiding principles considerations design, fabricate operate OoC, well subsequent assaying techniques extract biological information from devices. Alongside this discussion current future applications technology, inform design operational decisions during implementation systems. with aim mimicking physiology range biomedical therapeutic applications. Leung, de Haan et al. report practical tips organ-on-a-chip

Language: Английский

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Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 115271 - 115271

Published: March 31, 2023

Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies estimating drug efficacy side effects when compared to trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput high-content research achieve an improved understanding of diseases accelerate the development process towards more precise eventually personalized standards. This review takes form a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction major themes indications further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies testing administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal skin-on-a-chip (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate bloodstream are conveyed their targets. Then, we focus OOC (other) specific organs diseases: neurodegenerative brain blood barriers, tumor including vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering screening antitumor drugs, liver/kidney chips multiorgan gastrointestinal metabolic assessment biomechanical systems heart, muscles bones structures related diseases. Successively, discuss materials organ chips, microfluidic organs-on-chips, sensor integration real-time monitoring, cell lines chips. (Nano)delivery approaches therapeutics chip also described. Finally, conclude critical discussion current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges future prospects terms revolutionary impact biomedical research, preclinical development.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Organ-Axis Concept: Advances the Application of Gut-on-Chip Technology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 4089 - 4089

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

The intestine is considered to be a vital digestive organ absorb nutrients and the largest immune organ, while numerous microorganisms coexist with host. It well known that complex interactions between gut microbiota host’s system inevitably affect function of other organs, creating an “axis” them. During past few years, new technique based mainly on microfluidics cell biology has been developed emulate structure, function, microenvironment human gut, called “gut-on-chip”. This microfluidic chip provides insight into key aspects in health disease, such as gut–brain axis, gut–liver gut–kidney gut–lung axis. In this review, we first describe basic theory axis various composition parameter monitoring microarray systems, summarize development emerging advances gut–organ-on-chip, focus host-gut flora nutrient metabolism, highlight their role pathophysiological studies. addition, paper discusses challenges prospects for current further use gut–organ-on-chip platform.

Language: Английский

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Biosensors integrated 3D organoid/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 115285 - 115285

Published: April 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Human organoids-on-chips for biomedical research and applications

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 788 - 818

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Human organoids-on-chips (OrgOCs) are the synergism of human organoids (HOs) technology and microfluidic organs-on-chips (OOCs).OOCs can mimic extrinsic characteristics organs, such as environmental clues living tissue, while HOs more amenable to biological analysis genetic manipulation.By spatial cooperation, OrgOCs served 3D organotypic models allowing them recapitulate critical tissue-specific properties forecast responses outcomes.It represents a giant leap forward from regular 2D cell monolayers animal in improved ecological niche modeling.In recent years, have offered potential promises for clinical studies advanced preclinical-to-clinical translation medical industrial fields.In this review, we highlight cutting-edge achievements OrgOCs, introduce key features architectures, share revolutionary applications basic biology, disease modeling, preclinical assay precision medicine.Furthermore, discuss how combine wide range disciplines with accelerate translational applications, well challenges opportunities biomedical research applications.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from in vivo, ex vivo and in silico studies

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes. Gut microbial communities have a significant regulatory role in the intestinal physiology, such as gut motility. Microbial effect on motility often evoked by bioactive molecules from various sources, including break down carbohydrates, fibers or proteins. In turn, regulates colonization within ecosystem. However, underlying mechanisms regulation remain obscure. Deciphering inter-regulatory microbiota and bowel function crucial for prevention treatment dysmotility, comorbidity associated with many diseases. this review, we present an overview current knowledge impact its products We discuss currently available techniques employed assess changes Further, highlight open challenges, incorporate biophysical elements microbes-motility interplay, attempt lay foundation describing long-term impacts metabolite-induced

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic trends in drug screening and drug delivery

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 116821 - 116821

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing significant role in state of health disease host. Diet, exercise, mental health, other factors have exhibited ability to influence bacterial composition, leading changes can prevent improve, or favor worsen, both intestinal extra-intestinal conditions. Altered microbial states, ‘dysbiosis’, associated conditions diseases are often characterized by shifts abundance diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding effect lifestyle on microbiota, personalized advice be generated suit each individual profile foster adoption ameliorate dysbiosis. delivery effective reliable advice, however, depends not only available research current topic, but also methods used assess individuals discover associations, which introduce bias at multiple stages. aim this review summarize how variability defined what choices shown association composition. Furthermore, popular investigate outlined, focus possible caused lack use standardized methods. Finally, overview based testing presented, underlining its power limitations.

Language: Английский

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Gut-on-a-chip for exploring the transport mechanism of Hg(II)

Microsystems & Nanoengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Animal models and static cultures of intestinal epithelial cells are commonly used platforms for exploring mercury ion (Hg(II)) transport. However, they cannot reliably simulate the human microenvironment monitor cellular physiology in situ; thus, mechanism Hg(II) transport intestine is still unclear. Here, a gut-on-a-chip integrated with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) sensors electrochemical proposed dynamically simulating formation physical barrier monitoring absorption situ. The was recreated by applying fluid shear stress (0.02 dyne/cm2) cyclic mechanical strain (1%, 0.15 Hz). damage to were simultaneously monitored TEER when exposed different concentrations mixed culture medium. increased 23.59% tensile from 1% 5%, corresponding expression Piezo1 DMT1 on cell surface upregulated.

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic Gut-on-a-Chip: Fundamentals and Challenges

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 136 - 136

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The human gut is responsible for food digestion and absorption. Recently, growing evidence has shown its vital role in the proper functioning of other organs. Advances microfluidic technologies have made a significant impact on biomedical field. Specifically, organ-on-a-chip technology (OoC), which become popular substitute animal models, capable imitating complex systems vitro been used to study pathology pharmacology. Over past decade, reviews published focused more applications prospects gut-on-a-chip (GOC) technology, but challenges solutions these limitations were often overlooked. In this review, we cover physiology review engineering approaches GOC. Fundamentals GOC models including materials fabrication, cell types, stimuli microbiota are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss present model applications, challenges, possible technology.

Language: Английский

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