Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113522 - 113522

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Language: Английский

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Potential immune evasion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a global pandemic. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first discovered in November 2021 specimens collected from Botswana, South Africa. become dominant worldwide, and several sublineages or subvariants have been identified recently. Compared to those of other mutants, most highly expressed amino acid mutations, with almost 60 mutations throughout genome, are spike (S) protein, especially receptor-binding domain (RBD). These increase binding affinity variants for ACE2 receptor, may also lead immune escape. Despite causing milder symptoms, epidemiological evidence suggests that exceptionally higher transmissibility, rates reinfection greater spread than prototype strain as well preceding variants. Additionally, overwhelming amounts data suggest levels specific neutralization antibodies against decrease vaccinated populations, although CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses maintained. Therefore, mechanisms underlying evasion still unclear. In this review, we surveyed current epidemic status potential escape Especially, focused on roles viral epitope antigenic drift, hybrid immunity, “original sin” mediating evasion. insights might supply more valuable concise information us understand spreading

Language: Английский

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Tracing the international arrivals of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants after Aotearoa New Zealand reopened its border

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 29, 2022

Abstract In the second quarter of 2022, there was a global surge emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineages that had distinct growth advantage over then-dominant Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages. By generating 10,403 genomes, we show Aotearoa New Zealand observed an influx these immune-evasive variants (BA.2.12.1, BA.4, BA.5) through border. This is explained by return to significant levels international travel following border’s reopening in March 2022. We estimate one transmission event from border community for every ~5,000 passenger arrivals at current restriction. Although most introductions did not instigate any detected onward transmission, small minority triggered large outbreaks. Genomic surveillance provides lens on rate which new might gain foothold trigger waves infection.

Language: Английский

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Insight into SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant immune escape possibility and variant independent potential therapeutic opportunities

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. e13285 - e13285

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The Omicron, the latest variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in November 2021 Botswana, South Africa. Compared to other variants SARS-CoV-2, Omicron is most highly mutated, with 50 mutations throughout genome, which are spike (S) protein. These may help evade host immunity against vaccine. Epidemiological studies suggest that infectious and spreads rapidly, but causes significantly less disease than wild‐type strain SARS-CoV-2. With increased transmissibility a higher rate re-infection, has now become dominant worldwide predicted be able vaccine-induced immunity. Several clinical using plasma samples from individuals receiving two doses US Food Drugs Administration (FDA)-approved COVID-19 vaccines have shown reduced humoral immune response infection, T cell-mediated well preserved. In fact, protects disease, thus caused by remains mild. this review, I surveyed current status mechanisms context escape vaccines. also discuss potential implications therapeutic opportunities independent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron. A better understanding responses variant-independent interventions include potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cytokine activities pave way reducing Omicron-related complications, severity, mortality. Collectively, these insights point research gaps will aid development new-generation antiviral drugs combat its sublineages, or upcoming new

Language: Английский

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Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during Five COVID-19 Waves and the Significance of Low-Frequency Lineages

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1194 - 1194

Published: May 18, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants of concern (VOC) have gained more efficient transmission immune evasion properties with time. We describe the circulation VOCs in South Africa potential role low-frequency on emergence future lineages. Whole genome sequencing was performed samples from Africa. Sequences were analysed Nextstrain pangolin tools Stanford University Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database. In 2020, 24 detected, B.1 (3%; 8/278), B.1.1 (16%; 45/278), B.1.1.348 B.1.1.52 (5%; 13/278), C.1 (13%; 37/278) C.2 (2%; 6/278) circulating during first wave. Beta emerged late dominating second wave infection. continued to circulate at low frequencies 2021 re-emerged 2022. outcompeted by Delta 2021, which thereafter Omicron sub-lineages 4th 5th waves Several significant mutations identified also detected lineages, including S68F (E protein); I82T (M P13L, R203K G204R/K (N R126S (ORF3a); P323L (RdRp); N501Y, E484K, D614G, H655Y N679K (S protein). Low-frequency variants, together circulating, may lead convergence that increase transmissibility, infectivity escape vaccine-induced or natural host immunity.

Language: Английский

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Whole genome sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 from Malaysia: From alpha to Omicron

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Countries around the world are gearing for transition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from pandemic to endemic phase but emergence new severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants could lead a prolonged pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has continued evolve as it optimizes its adaptation human host and successive waves COVID-19 have been linked explosion particular variant concern. As genetic diversity epidemiological landscape differ country country, this study aims provide insights into that circulating in Malaysia. Whole genome sequencing was performed 204 cases an additional 18,667 sequences were retrieved GISAID EpiCoV database clade, lineage variation analyses. Complete with high coverage then used phylogeny investigation resulting phylogenetic tree constructed 8,716 sequences. We found different Malaysia dominated by clades L O clade first second wave, respectively, whereas progressive replacement G, GH, GK GRA observed subsequence waves. Continuous monitoring is important identify dominance locality so appropriate countermeasures can be taken effectively contain spread SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Towards a Truly General Intermolecular Binding Affinity Calculator for Drug Discovery & Design

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Intermolecular interactions are the fabrics underlying almost all processes in living organisms, where two cornerstone concepts, intermolecular binding affinity (K d ) and energy (ΔG), have long been established to physically describe strengths of biomolecular interactions, e.g., drug-target K ΔG strength interaction. The past two-three years saw a big step forward use artificial intelligence (AI) structural biology (e.g., AlphaFold for protein structure prediction) drug discovery & design. In light roles design, speed this AI progress raises question what’s next its practical application pharmaceutical industry, addition system-wide account structures motions. Last August, concept general calculator (GIBAC) was first time coined proposed an MDPI-published preprint. Here, article puts updated conceptual framework GIBAC, including inception, definition, construction, applications, technical challenges limitations, future directions. Moreover, argues that is now ripe construction such accurate, precise efficient GIBAC be on agenda entire design community, ensure applicability reliability, enhance value R&D future.

Language: Английский

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Skin Patch Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike DNA Vaccine Produces Broad Neutralising Antibody Responses.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e42533 - e42533

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to be a major health burden globally, especially in resource-limited areas. Continued research into more effective and accessible vaccines is required reduce the of disease. Here, we use an emerging vaccine delivery system, high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) deliver plasmid DNA (Delta 6P) encoding for spike protein. HD-MAP this resulted robust IgG responses mice against multiple domains cellular response vaccination was also measured, comparative analysis showed that relative intramuscular vaccination, elicited spike-specific CD4+ T CD8+ cell were largely comparable, but number polyfunctional cells higher group. Collectively, work suggests Delta 6P SARS-CoV-2, warranting further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Virus Biorecognition and Detection Techniques for the Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 198 - 198

Published: March 20, 2025

Viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health due their high transmissibility, rapid mutation rates, and limited treatment options. Recent outbreaks of such as plague, monkeypox, avian influenza, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have underscored the urgent need for efficient diagnostic surveillance technologies. Focusing on viral that seriously threaten human health, this review summarizes analyzes detection techniques from perspective combining prevention advice, discusses applications in improving sensitivity specificity. One major innovations is systematic integration advanced biorecognition technologies, bionanosensors, test strips, microfluidic platforms, along with exploration artificial intelligence virus detection. These technologies address limitations traditional methods enable real-time monitoring early warning outbreaks. By analyzing application these pathogens, new insights are provided development next-generation tools emerging re-emerging threats. In addition, we analyze current progress developed vaccines, vaccine research provide ideas future control development, call attention

Language: Английский

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From Wuhan to Omicron K.P2 strain: A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny and public health implications of the latest booster vaccine

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve, with the Omicron KP.2 variant, a descendant of BA.2.86, emerging as public health concern due its rapid spread and resistance existing immunity. This review examines phylogenetic evolution SARS-CoV-2, focusing on key mutations (R346T, F456L, V1104L), alongside epidemiological implications. It also discusses development approval KP.2-adapted booster vaccine, shown in clinical trials significantly enhance immune responses protect against symptomatic severe disease, particularly vulnerable groups. Despite vaccine advancements, challenges global distribution inequity persist, especially low- middle-income countries, increasing risk vaccine-resistant variants. manuscript underscores importance equitable access control pandemic prevent future outbreaks, while highlighting need for continuous surveillance broader-spectrum research evolves.

Language: Английский

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