Current Pharmaceutical Design,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(20), P. 1602 - 1616
Published: June 1, 2023
Abstract:
Despite
significant
advancements
in
CNS
research,
illnesses
are
the
most
important
and
serious
cause
of
mental
disability
worldwide.
These
facts
show
a
tremendous
unmet
demand
for
effective
medications
pharmacotherapy
since
it
accounts
more
hospitalizations
extended
care
than
practically
all
other
disorders
combined.
The
site-targeted
kinetics
brain
and,
pharmacodynamics
effects
determined/regulated
by
various
mechanisms
after
dose,
including
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
transport
many
processes.
processes
condition-dependent
terms
their
rate
extent
because
they
dynamically
controlled.
For
therapy,
drugs
should
access
“at
right
place,
time,
concentration”.
Details
on
inter-species
inter-condition
variances
required
to
translate
target
site
pharmacokinetics
associated
between
species
illness
states,
improving
therapeutics
drug
development.
present
review
encircles
short
discussion
about
barriers
that
affect
treatment
precisely
focuses
aspects
efficient
therapeutics.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: May 25, 2023
Abstract
Blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
a
natural
protective
membrane
that
prevents
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
from
toxins
and
pathogens
in
blood.
However,
the
presence
of
BBB
complicates
pharmacotherapy
for
CNS
disorders
as
most
chemical
drugs
biopharmaceuticals
have
been
impeded
to
enter
brain.
Insufficient
drug
delivery
into
brain
leads
low
therapeutic
efficacy
well
aggravated
side
effects
due
accumulation
other
organs
tissues.
Recent
breakthrough
materials
science
nanotechnology
provides
library
advanced
with
customized
structure
property
serving
powerful
toolkit
targeted
delivery.
In-depth
research
field
anatomical
pathological
study
on
further
facilitates
development
brain-targeted
strategies
enhanced
crossing.
In
this
review,
physiological
different
cells
contributing
are
summarized.
Various
emerging
permeability
regulation
crossing
including
passive
transcytosis,
intranasal
administration,
ligands
conjugation,
coating,
stimuli-triggered
disruption,
overcome
obstacle
highlighted.
Versatile
systems
ranging
organic,
inorganic,
biologics-derived
their
synthesis
procedures
unique
physio-chemical
properties
summarized
analyzed.
This
review
aims
provide
an
up-to-date
comprehensive
guideline
researchers
diverse
fields,
offering
perspectives
system.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 3988 - 4024
Published: July 16, 2023
In
recent
years,
growing
awareness
of
the
role
oxidative
stress
in
brain
health
has
prompted
antioxidants,
especially
dietary
to
receive
attention
as
possible
treatments
strategies
for
patients
with
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs).
The
most
widely
studied
antioxidants
include
active
substances
such
vitamins,
carotenoids,
flavonoids
and
polyphenols.
Dietary
are
found
usually
consumed
foods
fresh
fruits,
vegetables,
nuts
oils
gaining
popularity
due
recently
their
potential
preventive
protective
agents
against
NDs,
well
abundant
natural
sources,
generally
non-toxic
nature,
ease
long-term
consumption.
This
review
article
examines
development
explores
‘two-sidedness’
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
a
nervous
system
an
impeding
use
drug
medicinal
products
and/or
supplements
prevention
therapy
reviews
BBB
permeability
common
suplements
efficacy
treatment
NDs.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
directions
NDs
using
discussed,
useful
information
on
is
provided.
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: July 19, 2024
Abstract
Background
Maintaining
the
structural
and
functional
integrity
of
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
vital
for
neuronal
equilibrium
optimal
brain
function.
Disruptions
to
BBB
performance
are
implicated
in
pathology
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Main
body
Early
indicators
multiple
disorders
humans
animal
models
include
impaired
stability,
regional
cerebral
blood
flow
shortfalls,
vascular
inflammation
associated
with
dysfunction.
Understanding
cellular
molecular
mechanisms
dysfunction
crucial
elucidating
sustenance
neural
computations
under
pathological
conditions
developing
treatments
these
This
paper
initially
explores
definition
BBB,
along
signaling
pathways
regulating
flow,
inflammation.
Subsequently,
we
review
current
insights
into
dynamics
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson's
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
sclerosis.
The
concludes
by
proposing
a
unified
mechanism
whereby
contributes
disorders,
highlights
potential
BBB-focused
therapeutic
strategies
targets,
outlines
lessons
learned
future
research
directions.
Conclusions
breakdown
significantly
impacts
development
progression
diseases,
unraveling
underlying
elucidate
how
sustained
devise
approaches.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(19)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Abstract
The
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
is
a
tailored
system
of
capillary
endothelial
cells
intermixed
with
tight
junctions
and
adherent
that
regulates
the
transport
various
materials
substances
between
blood
vasculature
central
nervous
(CNS).
However,
in
cases
brain
diseases,
BBB's
protective
regulatory
effects
hamper
therapeutics
from
reaching
affected
sites
sufficient
quantities.
This
has
so
far
been
leading
challenge
treating
CNS
diseases
disorders.
For
this
problem
to
be
overcome,
recent
research
sought
develop
novel
modalities
achieve
efficient
therapy
alleviate
associated
symptoms.
Therefore,
numerous
strategies
have
operated
years
address
limitations
traditional
invasive
methods,
including
poor
penetration
serious
side
effects.
As
desperately
in‐demand
technology,
nanotheranostics
particularly
shown
promising
results.
Herein,
review
reports
advancements
techniques
nanotechnology‐based
developed
for
neurodegenerative
study
provides
comprehensive
data
on
subject
used
future
studies
management
disorders
diseases.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(20), P. 12716 - 12736
Published: May 8, 2024
Mesoporous
silica
nanoparticles
(MSNs)
represent
a
promising
avenue
for
targeted
brain
tumor
therapy.
However,
the
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
often
presents
formidable
obstacle
to
efficient
drug
delivery.
This
study
introduces
ligand-free
PEGylated
MSN
variant
(RMSN25-PEG-TA)
with
25
nm
size
and
slight
positive
charge,
which
exhibits
superior
BBB
penetration.
Utilizing
two-photon
imaging,
RMSN25-PEG-TA
particles
remained
in
circulation
over
24
h,
indicating
significant
traversal
beyond
cerebrovascular
realm.
Importantly,
DOX@RMSN25-PEG-TA,
our
loaded
doxorubicin
(DOX),
harnessed
enhanced
permeability
retention
(EPR)
effect
achieve
6-fold
increase
accumulation
compared
free
DOX.
In
vivo
evaluations
confirmed
potent
inhibition
of
orthotopic
glioma
growth
by
extending
survival
rates
spontaneous
models
28%
offering
an
improved
biosafety
profile.
Advanced
LC-MS/MS
investigations
unveiled
distinctive
protein
corona
surrounding
RMSN25-PEG-TA,
suggesting
proteins
such
as
apolipoprotein
E
albumin
could
play
pivotal
roles
enabling
its
Our
results
underscore
potential
MSNs
treating
tumors,
supports
development
future
drug–nanoparticle
design
paradigms.
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32, P. 445 - 472
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Effective
tumor
treatment
depends
on
optimizing
drug
penetration
and
accumulation
in
tissue
while
minimizing
systemic
toxicity.
Nanomedicine
has
emerged
as
a
key
solution
that
addresses
the
rapid
clearance
of
free
drugs,
but
achieving
deep
into
solid
tumors
remains
elusive.
This
review
discusses
various
strategies
to
enhance
penetration,
including
manipulation
microenvironment,
exploitation
both
external
internal
stimuli,
pioneering
nanocarrier
surface
engineering,
development
innovative
tactics
for
active
penetration.
One
outstanding
strategy
is
organelle-affinitive
transfer,
which
exploits
unique
properties
specific
cell
organelles
heralds
potentially
transformative
approach
transcellular
transfer
Rigorous
models
are
essential
evaluate
efficacy
these
strategies.
The
patient-derived
xenograft
(PDX)
model
gaining
traction
bridge
between
laboratory
discovery
clinical
application.
However,
journey
from
bench
bedside
nanomedicines
fraught
with
challenges.
Future
efforts
should
prioritize
deepening
our
understanding
nanoparticle-tumor
interactions,
re-evaluating
EPR
effect,
exploring
novel
nanoparticle
transport
mechanisms.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 770 - 770
Published: Feb. 25, 2023
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
pathology,
the
origin
of
which
associated
with
death
neuronal
cells
involved
in
production
dopamine.
The
prevalence
PD
has
increased
exponentially.
aim
this
review
was
to
describe
novel
treatments
for
that
are
currently
under
investigation
and
study
possible
therapeutic
targets.
pathophysiology
based
on
formation
alpha-synuclein
folds
generate
Lewy
bodies,
cytotoxic
reduce
dopamine
levels.
Most
pharmacological
target
symptoms.
These
include
aimed
at
reducing
accumulation
(epigallocatechin),
its
clearance
via
immunotherapy,
inhibiting
LRRK2,
upregulating
cerebrosidase
(ambroxol).
continues
be
pathology
unknown
generates
significant
social
cost
patients
who
suffer
from
it.
Although
there
still
no
definitive
cure
present,
numerous
available
symptomatology
addition
other
alternatives
investigation.
However,
approach
should
combination
non-pharmacological
strategies
maximise
outcomes
improve
symptomatological
control
these
patients.
It
therefore
necessary
delve
deeper
into
order
quality
life
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 1825 - 1825
Published: July 17, 2023
The
gut
microbiome
provides
the
host
access
to
otherwise
indigestible
nutrients,
which
are
often
further
metabolized
by
into
bioactive
components.
can
also
shift
balance
of
host-produced
compounds,
may
alter
health.
One
precursor
metabolites
is
essential
aromatic
amino
acid
tryptophan.
Tryptophan
mostly
shunted
kynurenine
pathway
but
primary
metabolite
for
serotonin
production
and
bacterial
indole
pathway.
Balance
between
tryptophan-derived
crucial
neurological
homeostasis
metabolic
imbalance
trigger
or
exacerbate
diseases.
Alzheimer's,
depression,
schizophrenia
have
been
linked
diverging
levels
anthranilic,
kynurenic,
quinolinic
acid.
Anthranilic
from
collective
metabolism
plays
a
complex
important
role
in
systemic
Although
anthranilic
its
products
great
importance
host-microbe
interaction
health,
literature
examining
mechanistic
relationships
microbial
production,
regulation,
diseases
scarce
at
times
conflicting.
This
narrative
review
an
overview
current
understanding
acid's
health
disease,
with
particular
focus
on
contribution
microbiome,
gut-brain
axis,
involvement
three
major
tryptophan
pathways.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 617 - 617
Published: June 20, 2024
Glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
is
involved
in
a
range
of
central
and
peripheral
pathways
related
to
appetitive
behavior.
Hence,
this
study
explored
the
effects
glucagon-like
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1
RAs)
on
substance
behavioral
addictions,
including
alcohol,
caffeine,
nicotine,
cannabis,
psychostimulants,
compulsive
shopping,
sex
drive/libido.
Data
were
collected
from
various
social
platforms.
Keywords
GLP-1
RAs
substance/behavioral
addiction
used
extract
relevant
comments.
The
employed
mixed-methods
approach
analyze
online
discussions
posted
December
2019
June
2023
using
specialized
web
application.
Reddit
entries
focus
here
due
limited
data
other
platforms,
such
as
TikTok
YouTube.
A
total
5859
threads
comments
extracted
six
subreddits,
which
included
about
drugs
associated
brand
names.
To
obtain
posts,
keywords
potential
use
behavior
selected.
Further
analysis
two
main
steps:
(1)
manually
coding
posts
based
users’
references
impact
non-substance
habits,
excluding
irrelevant
or
unclear
comments;
(2)
performing
thematic
dataset
keywords,
AI-assisted
techniques
followed
by
manual
revision
generated
themes.
Second,
was
performed
keyword-related
dataset,
In
total,
29.75%
alcohol-related;
22.22%
caffeine-related;
23.08%
nicotine-related
clearly
stated
cessation
intake
these
substances
following
start
prescription.
Conversely,
mixed
results
found
for
cannabis
intake,
only
limited,
anecdotal
made
available
cocaine,
entactogens,
dissociative
drugs’
misuse.
Regarding
21.35%
reported
shopping
interruption,
whilst
sexual
drive/libido
elements
reportedly
increased
several
users.
current
appeared
be
useful
tool
gaining
insight
into
complex
topics
addiction-related
disorders;
some
RA-related
mental
health
benefits
could
also
inferred
here.
Overall,
it
that
may
show
target
both
craving
maladaptive/addictive
behaviors,
although
further
empirical
research
needed.
