Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
92(1), P. 141 - 151
Published: Jan. 24, 2023
Background:
Cognitive
reserve
may
protect
against
cognitive
decline.
Objective:
This
cross-sectional
study
investigated
the
association
between
and
physiological
measures
of
workload
in
older
adults
with
impairment.
Methods:
29
impairment
(age:
75±6,
11
(38%)
women,
MoCA:
20±7)
19
normal
cognition
74±6;
(58%)
women;
28±2)
completed
a
working
memory
test
increasing
task
demand
(0-,
1-,
2-back).
was
indexed
using
amplitude
latency
P3
event-related
potential
(ERP)
at
electrode
sites
Fz,
Cz,
Pz,
changes
pupillary
size,
converted
to
an
index
activity
(ICA).
The
Reserve
Index
questionnaire
(CRIq)
evaluated
Education,
Work
Activity,
Leisure
Time
as
proxy
reserve.
Linear
mixed
models
main
effects
status,
CRIq,
interaction
effect
CRIq
by
status
on
ERP
ICA.
Results:
total
score
ICA
not
significant.
However,
higher
scores
were
associated
lower
(p
=
0.03).
subscores
showed
that
Activity
affected
0.03)
differently
without
impairments.
Similarly,
Education
0.02)
two
groups.
No
associations
observed
latency.
Conclusion:
Specific
components
affect
neural
efficiency
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(13), P. 2326 - 2337
Published: Feb. 17, 2023
To
maintain
stable
posture
of
the
head
and
body
during
our
everyday
activities,
brain
integrates
information
across
multiple
sensory
systems.
Here,
we
examined
how
primate
vestibular
system,
independently
in
combination
with
visual
input,
contributes
to
sensorimotor
control
range
dynamic
motion
experienced
daily
life.
We
recorded
activity
single
motor
units
splenius
capitis
sternocleidomastoid
muscles
rhesus
monkeys
yaw
rotations
spanning
physiological
self-motion
(up
20
Hz)
darkness.
Splenius
unit
responses
continued
increase
frequency
up
16
Hz
normal
animals,
were
strikingly
absent
following
bilateral
peripheral
loss.
determine
whether
modulated
these
vestibular-driven
neck
muscle
responses,
experimentally
controlled
correspondence
between
cues
self-motion.
Surprisingly,
did
not
influence
nor
it
substitute
for
feedback
A
comparison
evoked
by
broadband
versus
sinusoidal
further
revealed
that
low-frequency
attenuated
when
low-
high-frequency
concurrently.
Finally,
found
vestibular-evoked
enhanced
increased
autonomic
arousal,
quantified
via
pupil
size.
Together,
findings
directly
establish
system's
contribution
as
well
vestibular,
visual,
inputs
are
integrated
postural
control.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Our
systems
enable
us
balance
move
through
world.
Notably,
system
senses
sends
commands,
vestibulospinal
pathways,
axial
limb
stabilize
posture.
By
recording
units,
here
show,
first
time,
activities.
results
autonomic,
This
is
essential
understanding
both
mechanisms
underlying
balance,
impact
loss
function.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Dec. 4, 2024
Attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
characterized
by
developmental
impairments,
inattention,
motor
hyperactivity,
and
impulsivity.
Currently,
there
no
effective
intervention
that
can
completely
cure
it.
One
of
the
pathogenic
mechanisms
ADHD
involves
abnormalities
in
norepinephrine
(NE)
pathway
within
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC).
In
recent
years,
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS),
non-invasive
neuromodulation
technique,
has
demonstrated
promising
potential
treatment
neurological
psychiatric
disorders.
However,
its
application
management
remains
relatively
unexplored.
Previous
studies
have
shown
taVNS
exerts
therapeutic
effects
on
attention,
cognition,
arousal,
perception,
behavioral
regulation
primarily
through
activating
conduction
pathway,
specifically
targeting
nucleus
tractus
solitarius
-
locus
coeruleus
NE
pathway.
These
findings
led
to
hypothesis
may
be
an
for
ADHD,
with
playing
pivotal
role
this
context.
Therefore,
review
comprehensively
examines
correlation
between
alterations
PFC
mechanism
action
taVNS,
treating
aiming
provide
theoretical
foundation
clinical
applications.
Journal of Sleep Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(3)
Published: May 21, 2023
Summary
Attention
is
impaired
in
many
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
as
well
by
sleep
disruption,
leading
to
decreased
workplace
productivity
and
increased
risk
of
accidents.
Thus,
understanding
the
neural
substrates
important.
Here
we
test
hypothesis
that
basal
forebrain
neurons
contain
calcium‐binding
protein
parvalbumin
modulate
vigilant
attention
mice.
Furthermore,
whether
increasing
activity
can
rescue
deleterious
effects
deprivation
on
vigilance.
A
lever
release
version
rodent
psychomotor
vigilance
was
used
assess
attention.
Brief
continuous
low‐power
optogenetic
excitation
(1
s,
473
nm
@
5
mW)
or
inhibition
530
10
effect
attention,
measured
reaction
time,
under
control
conditions
following
8
hr
gentle
handling.
Optogenetic
preceded
cue
light
signal
0.5
s
improved
indicated
quicker
times.
By
contrast,
both
slowed
Importantly,
rescued
time
deficits
sleep‐deprived
Control
experiments
using
a
progressive
ratio
operant
task
confirmed
manipulation
did
not
alter
motivation.
These
findings
reveal
for
first
role
show
their
compensate
disruptive
deprivation.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
Recent
neuroimaging
and
eye
tracking
studies
have
suggested
that
children
with
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
may
exhibit
more
variable
idiosyncratic
brain
responses
movements
than
typically
developing
(TD)
children.
Here
we
extended
this
research
for
the
first
time
to
pupillometry
recordings.
We
successfully
completed
recordings
103
(66
ASD),
4.5-years-old
on
average,
who
viewed
three
90
second
movies,
twice.
extracted
their
pupillary
time-course
each
movie,
capturing
stimulus
evoked
responses.
then
computed
correlation
between
of
child
those
all
others
in
group.
This
yielded
an
average
inter-subject
value
per
child,
representing
how
similar
were
ASD
participants
exhibited
significantly
weaker
correlations
TD
participants,
reliably
across
movies.
Differences
groups
largest
a
naturalistic
movie
containing
footage
social
interaction
two
measure
enabled
classification
sensitivity
0.82
specificity
0.73
when
trained
tested
independent
datasets.
Using
dataset
date,
demonstrate
utility
new
technique
measuring
idiosyncrasy
pupil
regulation,
which
can
be
even
by
young
co-occurring
intellectual
disability.
These
findings
reveal
considerable
subgroup
unstable,
regulation
children,
indicative
variable,
weakly
regulated,
underlying
neural
activity.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 79 - 79
Published: Jan. 28, 2024
The
brainstem
noradrenergic
nucleus,
the
locus
coeruleus
(LC),
exerts
heavy
influences
on
sensory
processing,
perception,
and
cognition
through
its
diffuse
projections
throughout
brain.
Previous
studies
have
demonstrated
that
LC
activation
modulates
response
feature
selectivity
of
thalamic
relay
neurons.
However,
extent
to
which
temporal
coding
information
in
thalamus
remains
mostly
unknown.
Here,
we
found
stimulation
significantly
altered
structure
responses
neurons
repeated
whisker
stimulation.
A
substantial
portion
events
(i.e.,
time
points
where
stimulus
reliably
evoked
spikes
as
evidenced
by
dramatic
elevations
firing
rate
spike
density
function)
were
removed
during
stimulation,
but
many
new
emerged.
Interestingly,
within
emerged
a
higher
selectivity,
therefore
transmit
more
about
tactile
stimulus,
than
events.
This
suggests
optimized
improve
transmission.
We
further
reconstructed
original
from
population
neurons’
corresponding
selectivity.
As
expected,
reconstruction
was
accurate
using
trains
recorded
without
functionally
confirming
optimization
code.
Together,
our
results
LC-NE
system
optimizes
thalamus,
presumably
allowing
for
decoding
downstream
brain
structures.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(4), P. 109364 - 109364
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Highlights•Sound
desynchronizes
and
then
enhances
V1
gamma-band
activity•Increase
in
gamma
responsiveness
to
sound
can
be
explained
by
arousal•The
visual
response
of
the
dLGN
is
also
modulated
biphasically
sound•dLGN
inputs
may
contribute
shaping
responses
soundSummaryVisual
primary
cortex
(V1)
are
altered
sound.
Sound-driven
behavioral
arousal
suggests
that,
addition
direct
from
auditory
(A1),
multiple
other
sources
shape
Here,
we
show
anesthetized
mice
that
(white
noise,
≥70dB)
drives
a
biphasic
modulation
visually
driven
activity,
comprising
fast-transient
inhibitory
slow,
prolonged
excitatory
(A1-independent)
arousal-driven
components.
An
analogous
yet
quicker
occurred
earlier
pathway,
at
level
dorsolateral
geniculate
nucleus
(dLGN),
where
transiently
inhibited
early
phasic
subsequently
induced
increase
tonic
spiking
activity
rhythmicity.
Our
results
demonstrate
sound-driven
modulations
not
exclusive
suggest
thalamocortical
sound.Graphical
abstract
