Aging and cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 18, 2024

Abstract Aging and cancer exhibit apparent links that we will examine in this review. The null hypothesis aging coincide because both are driven by time, irrespective of the precise causes, can be confronted with idea share common mechanistic grounds referred to as ‘hallmarks’. Indeed, several hallmarks also contribute carcinogenesis tumor progression, but some molecular cellular characteristics may reduce probability developing lethal cancer, perhaps explaining why very old age (> 90 years) is accompanied a reduced incidence neoplastic diseases. We discuss possibility process itself causes meaning time-dependent degradation supracellular functions accompanies produces byproduct or ‘age-associated disease’. Conversely, its treatment erode health drive process, has dramatically been documented for survivors diagnosed during childhood, adolescence, young adulthood. conclude connected superior including endogenous lifestyle factors, well bidirectional crosstalk, together render not only risk factor an important parameter must considered therapeutic decisions.

Language: Английский

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Clinicopathologic Features of Breast Cancer in Egypt—Contemporary Profile and Future Needs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

JCO Global Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 1, 2023

PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is the most common among Egyptian females. No current national database available in Egypt to provide reliable data on specific clinicopathologic features of BC this population. Herein, we investigated clinical profile women. METHODS A systematic review studies published from inception until December 2021 was performed. We explored pooled estimated proportions different stages at presentation and other including age, menopausal status, tumor (T) lymph node (N) stages, biological subtypes. Data analysis performed using meta package (R). RESULTS Twenty-six were eligible for our meta-analysis, 31,172 cases. In 12 studies, 15,067 patients with BC, mean age 50.46 years (95% CI, 48.7 52.1; I 2 , 99%), a proportion premenopausal/perimenopausal women 57% 50 63; 98%). Among 9,738 stage I, II, III, IV 6% 4 8; 90%), 37% 31 43; 93%), 45% 42 49; 78%), 11% 9 15; 87%), respectively. The T3 T4 tumors 21% 14 31; 99%) 8% 5 12; 96%), respectively, while those positive nodes 70% 59 79; 99%). CONCLUSION Dominance advanced young diagnosis represented two main Our may serve guide policymakers as well countries lower resources prioritize diagnostic therapeutic needs context.

Language: Английский

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Genomic characterisation of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer arising in very young women

Annals of Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 397 - 409

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance in the Context of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 228 - 228

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most difficult subtypes to treat due its distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Patients with TNBC face a high recurrence rate, an increased risk metastasis, lower overall survival compared other subtypes. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, traditional chemotherapy (primarily using platinum compounds taxanes) continues be standard treatment for TNBC, often limited long-term efficacy. tumors are heterogeneous, displaying diverse mutation profile considerable chromosomal instability, which complicates therapeutic interventions. The development chemoresistance frequently associated process epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), during epithelial tumor cells acquire mesenchymal-like phenotype. This shift enhances metastatic potential, while simultaneously reducing effectiveness chemotherapeutics. It has also been suggested that EMT plays central role stem cells. Hence, there growing interest exploring small-molecule inhibitors target as future strategy overcoming resistance improving outcomes patients TNBC. review focuses on progression drug emphasis these processes. We present TNBC-specific EMT-related features, key protein markers, various signaling pathways involved. discuss important mechanisms factors related within context EMT, highlighting improve patients’ outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of Breast Cancer in Young Adults

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 795 - 806

Published: May 17, 2022

Although breast cancer is rare and understudied in adults age 40 younger, recent epidemiologic data show an increasing incidence of among young women the United States ongoing inferior long-term outcomes. Given cancers arising at a are more likely to present advanced stages have aggressive biology, multimodal treatments often indicated. Elevated local recurrence risks greater propensity for germline predisposition mutations can impact therapy choices. Recently, escalated systemic regimens triple-negative incorporating immunotherapy, de-escalated anti-HER2 therapy, emerging targeted agents, including CDK4/6 inhibitors PARP inhibitors, early-stage disease may be employed younger older patients alike, with some special considerations. Prognostic genomic signatures spare low-risk hormone receptor-positive adjuvant chemotherapy, but management intermediate-risk remains controversial. Ovarian function suppression extended endocrine improving outcomes cancer, treatment adherence particular problem patients. Young also face challenges survivorship, impaired fertility, difficulties psychosocial adjustment, other treatment-related comorbidities. Consideration these age-specific issues through dedicated multidisciplinary strategies necessary optimal care cancer.

Language: Английский

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Relative Burden of Cancer and Noncancer Mortality Among Long-Term Survivors of Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer in the US

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. e2323115 - e2323115

Published: July 12, 2023

Importance Improvements in cancer outcomes have led to a need better understand long-term oncologic and nononcologic quantify cancer-specific vs noncancer-specific mortality risks among survivors. Objective To assess absolute relative rates survivors of cancer, as well associated risk factors. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study included 627 702 patients the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results registry with breast, prostate, or colorectal who received diagnosis between January 1, 2003, December 31, 2014, definitive treatment for localized disease were alive 5 years after their initial (ie, cancer). Statistical analysis was conducted from November 2022 2023. Main Outcomes Measures Survival time ratios (TRs) calculated using accelerated failure models, primary outcome interest examined death index alternative (nonindex cancer) across colon, rectal cohorts. Secondary subgroup groups, categorized based on prognostic factors, proportion deaths due causes. Independent variables age, sex, race ethnicity, income, residence, stage, grade, estrogen receptor status, progesterone prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score. Follow-up ended 2019. The (mean [SD] 61.1 [12.3] years; 434 848 women [69.3%]): 364 230 breast 118 839 prostate 144 633 survived more an early-stage cancer. Factors shorter median survival stage III (TR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.53-0.55) (colon: TR, 0.60; 0.58-0.62; rectal: 0.71; 0.69-0.74), score 8 higher 0.61; 0.58-0.63). For all cohorts, at low had least 3-fold compared 10 diagnosis. Patients high cumulative incidence than cohorts except prostate. Conclusions Relevance is first date examine competing focusing adult Knowledge facing may help provide pragmatic guidance clinicians regarding importance ongoing oncologic-focused care.

Language: Английский

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Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers

Annals of Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 792 - 804

Published: June 20, 2024

Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its impact prognosis of young patients harboring pathogenic variant (PV) the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes.

Language: Английский

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Effect of tumor-associated macrophages on the pyroptosis of breast cancer tumor cells

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Abstract Macrophages are immune cells with high plasticity that widely distributed in all tissues and organs of the body. Under influence microenvironment breast tumors, macrophages differentiate into various germline lineages. They exert pro-tumor or tumor-suppressive effects by secreting cytokines. Pyroptosis is mediated Gasdermin family proteins, which form holes cell membranes cause a violent inflammatory response death. This an important way for body to fight off infections. Tumor pyroptosis can activate anti-tumor immunity inhibit tumor growth. At same time, it releases mediators recruits tumor-associated (TAMs) accumulation. act as “mediators” cytokine interactions indirectly pathway. paper describes mechanism action on part TAM affecting process cells, well its key role microenvironment. Additionally, provides basis in-depth research how use affect tumors guide trends, implications prevention treatment tumors.

Language: Английский

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Locoregional Recurrence Patterns in Patients With Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

JAMA Surgery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 158(8), P. 841 - 841

Published: June 21, 2023

Importance While numerous studies have consistently reported that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) are associated with different patterns distant metastasis, few investigated association tumor locoregional recurrence. Objective To investigate ipsilateral recurrence (IBTR), regional (RR), and contralateral BC (CBC) according to subtypes. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective cohort study used clinical records patients who underwent surgery at a single institution in South Korea between January 2000 December 2018. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2019, February 20, 2023. Exposures Ipsilateral recurrence, RR, CBC events. Main Outcomes Measures The primary outcome was differences annual incidence IBTR, Hormone receptor (HR) status assessed by immunohistochemical staining assay, ERBB2 evaluated American Society Clinical Oncology College Pathologists guidelines. Results A total 16 462 female included analysis (median age time operation, 49.0 years [IQR, 43.0-57.0 years]). 10-year IBTR-, RR-, CBC-free survival rates 95.9%, 96.1%, 96.5%, respectively. On univariate analysis, HR−/ + tumors had worst IBTR-free (vs HR+/ − subtype: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.15-4.06), while – subtype RR- among all subtype, RR: 2.37-3.67; CBC: 2.12; 1.64-2.75). Subtype remained significantly events Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Regarding pattern, IBTR showed double peaks, steadily increasing pattern without distinguishable peaks. Additionally, seemed steady RR but other highest 1 year following surgery, which then gradually decreased. increased subtypes, higher than over 10 years. Younger (age ≤40 years) greater did older patients. Conclusions Relevance In this study, occurred younger having findings suggest tailoring surveillance should be recommended regarding particularly for

Language: Английский

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Ovarian Suppression: Early Menopause and Late Effects

Current Treatment Options in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 523 - 542

Published: March 13, 2024

Opinion statement Around 90% of breast tumours are diagnosed in the early stage, with approximately 70% being hormone receptor-positive. The cornerstone adjuvant therapy for early-stage receptor-positive cancer is endocrine therapy, tailored according to disease biological characteristics tumour, patient’s comorbidities, preferences and age. In premenopausal patients cancer, ovarian function suppression a key component treatment combination an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen. Moreover, it can be used during chemotherapy as standard strategy preservation all subtypes. metastatic setting, should achieve post-menopausal status. Despite its efficacy, may lead several side effects that have major negative impact on patients’ quality life if not properly managed (e.g. hot flashes, depression, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, weight gain). A deep knowledge necessary clinicians. correct counselling this regard proactive management considered fundamental part survivorship care improve adherence life.

Language: Английский

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