Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(3), P. 1040 - 1102
Published: Jan. 9, 2023
Glycans,
carbohydrate
molecules
in
the
realm
of
biology,
are
present
as
biomedically
important
glycoconjugates
and
a
characteristic
aspect
is
that
their
structures
many
instances
branched.
In
determining
primary
structure
glycan,
sugar
components
including
absolute
configuration
ring
form,
anomeric
configuration,
linkage(s),
sequence,
substituents
should
be
elucidated.
Solution
state
NMR
spectroscopy
offers
unique
opportunity
to
resolve
all
these
aspects
at
atomic
resolution.
During
last
two
decades,
advancement
both
experiments
spectrometer
hardware
have
made
it
possible
unravel
more
efficiently.
These
developments
applicable
glycans
include,
inter
alia,
reduce
spectral
overlap,
use
selective
excitations,
record
tilted
projections
multidimensional
spectra,
acquire
spectra
by
multiple
receivers,
utilize
polarization
fast-pulsing
techniques,
concatenate
pulse-sequence
modules
several
single
measurement,
pure
shift
correlated
devoid
scalar
couplings,
employ
stable
isotope
labeling
efficiently
obtain
homo-
and/or
heteronuclear
correlations,
well
those
rely
on
dipolar
cross-correlated
interactions
for
sequential
information.
Refined
computer
programs
spin
simulation
chemical
prediction
aid
structural
elucidation
glycans,
which
notorious
limited
dispersion.
Hardware
include
cryogenically
cold
probes
dynamic
nuclear
resulting
enhanced
sensitivity
ultrahigh
field
spectrometers
with
1H
resonance
frequency
higher
than
1
GHz,
thus
improving
resolution
resonances.
Taken
together,
will
future
make
elucidate
great
detail,
thereby
forming
basis
understanding
how
interact
other
molecules.
Marine Drugs,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(3), P. 105 - 105
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Polysaccharides
make
up
a
large
portion
of
the
organic
material
from
and
in
marine
organisms.
However,
their
structural
characterization
is
often
overlooked
due
to
complexity.
With
many
high-value
applications
unique
bioactivities
resulting
polysaccharides’
complex
heterogeneous
structures,
dedicated
analytical
efforts
become
important
achieve
elucidation.
Because
algae
represent
largest
resource
polysaccharides,
majority
discussion
focused
on
well-known
algae-based
hydrocolloid
polymers.
The
native
environment
polysaccharides
presents
challenges
conventional
techniques
necessitating
novel
methodologies.
We
aim
deliver
review
current
state
art
polysaccharide
characterization,
capabilities
as
well
limitations
context
environments.
This
covers
extraction
isolation
addition
characterizations
monosaccharides
secondary
tertiary
highlighting
suite
techniques.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 834 - 834
Published: June 15, 2022
Extremophilic
microorganisms
often
produce
novel
bioactive
compounds
to
survive
under
harsh
environmental
conditions.
Exopolysaccharides
(EPSs),
a
constitutive
part
of
bacterial
biofilm,
are
functional
biopolymers
that
act
as
protecting
sheath
the
extremophilic
bacteria
and
high
industrial
value.
In
this
study,
we
elucidate
new
EPS
produced
by
thermophilic
Bacillus
haynesii
CamB6
from
slightly
acidic
(pH
5.82)
Campanario
hot
spring
(56.4
°C)
located
in
Central
Andean
Mountains
Chile.
Physicochemical
properties
were
characterized
different
techniques:
Scanning
electron
microscopy-
energy
dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy
(SEM-EDS),
Atomic
Force
Microscopy
(AFM),
High-Performance
Liquid
Chromatography
(HPLC),
Gel
permeation
chromatography
(GPC),
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FTIR),
1D
2D
Nuclear
Magnetic
Resonance
(NMR),
Thermogravimetric
analysis
(TGA).
The
demonstrated
amorphous
surface
roughness
composed
evenly
distributed
macromolecular
lumps.
GPC
HPLC
showed
is
low
molecular
weight
heteropolymer
mannose
(66%),
glucose
(20%),
galactose
(14%).
FTIR
polysaccharide
nature
(–OH
groups,
Acetyl
pyranosic
ring
structure)
presence
glycosidic
linkages
among
sugar
residues,
which
was
further
confirmed
NMR
spectroscopic
analyses.
Moreover,
D-mannose
α-(1→2)
α-(1→4)
prevail
structure.
TGA
revealed
thermal
stability
(240
polysaccharide.
evaluated
for
food
industry
applications,
specifically
an
antioxidant
its
emulsification,
water-holding
(WHC),
oil-holding
(OHC),
flocculation
capacities.
results
suggest
study
can
be
useful
additive
food-processing
industry.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 173 - 173
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Polysaccharides
are
biomolecules
found
in
microorganisms,
plants,
and
animals
that
constitute
living
organisms.
Glycosaminoglycans,
unique
acidic
polysaccharides
animal
connective
tissue,
often
combined
with
proteins
the
form
of
covalent
bonds
due
to
their
potent
biological
activity,
low
toxicity,
minimal
side
effects,
which
have
potential
be
utilized
as
nutrition
healthcare
dietary
supplements.
Existing
studies
demonstrated
bioactivity
is
closely
dependent
on
structure
chain
conformation.
The
characteristic
functional
groups
primary
directly
determine
strength
activity.
However,
relationship
between
function
still
unclear,
target
mechanism
action
not
fully
understood,
resulting
limited
clinical
applications.
As
a
result,
applications
these
currently
limited.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
summary
extraction
methods,
structures,
activities
animal-derived
been
discovered
so
far.
aim
promote
developments
active
polysaccharide
science
provide
theoretical
support
for
exploring
other
unknown
natural
products.
Chemical Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(17), P. 6229 - 6243
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
perspective
outlines
three
potential
routes
for
nanopore-based
glycan
sequencing,
highlighting
their
applications
and
offering
insights
to
meet
associated
challenges.
It
also
introduces
the
concept
of
sequencer.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
73(2), P. 1542 - 1562
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Hyperoxaluria
can
easily
induce
calcium
oxalate
(CaOx)
crystals
and
cause
cell
damage,
thereby
increasing
the
risk
of
kidney
stone
formation.
In
this
study,
three
sulfated
Pelvetia
siliquosa
polysaccharides
(PSPs)
were
obtained
by
sulfur
trioxide-pyridine
method.
The
antioxidant
activity
PSPs
inhibitory
effects
on
CaOx
crystallization,
cellular
oxidative
inflammation
explored
in
vitro,
used
to
treat
hyperoxaluria-induced
crystallization
model
mice
order
validate
stone-preventive
effect
vivo.
inhibit
crystal
formation,
as
well
reduce
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
levels
through
their
own
properties
up-regulation
enzyme
(SOD
CAT)
expression,
which
turn
reduces
release
lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH)
malondialdehyde
(MDA),
improves
lysosomal
integrity,
morphology,
cytoskeleton,
inhibits
decrease
mitochondrial
membrane
potential,
adhesion
protein
(CD44
OPN)
alleviates
inflammatory
factor
(IL-6,
TNF-α,
IL-1β)
levels,
apoptosis.
PSP3,
has
highest
degree
sulfation,
had
best
protection
capacity.
PSP3
also
showed
good
antistone
ability
mice,
it
may
be
a
potential
drug
for
prevention.
