Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens DOI Open Access
Norman A. Ratcliffe, C.B. Mello, Helena Carla Castro

et al.

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions vector insects with their invading parasites pathogens. It is a way introducing this special issue subsequent papers presenting latest details these in each particular group vectors. Hopefully, paper will fill void literature since brief descriptions immunity have now been brought one publication could form starting point for those interested new to important area. Descriptions are given on mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas triatomine bugs. Cellular humoral defences described separately but emphasis made co-operation processes completed response. The also emphasises need great care extracting haemocytes study as appreciation fragile nature sometimes overlooked non-sterile media, smearing techniques excessive centrifugation used. potential vital role eicosanoids instigation many discussed. Finally, priming system, mainly considered possible mechanism presented

Language: Английский

Immune checkpoint therapy for solid tumours: clinical dilemmas and future trends DOI Creative Commons
Qian Sun, Zhenya Hong, Cong Zhang

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, novel LAG-3 drugs have also been approved clinical application. With the widespread use of drug, we must deeply analyze dilemma agents seek a breakthrough treatment prospect. Over past decades, these demonstrated dramatic efficacy, especially patients with melanoma non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, field broad concept solid tumours, non-specific indications, inseparable immune response side effects, unconfirmed progressive disease, complex regulatory networks resistance are four barriers that limit its Fortunately, successful trials ICB combination therapies, advent era oncolytic virus gene editing, technical mRNA vaccines nano-delivery systems made remarkable breakthroughs currently. In this review, enumerate mechanisms each checkpoint targets, associations between tumour mutation burden, key or signalling pathways, specific evidence efficacy classical targets new among different types put forward dialectical thoughts on drug safety. Finally, discuss importance accurate triage based recent advances predictive biomarkers diagnostic testing techniques.

Language: Английский

Citations

250
Targeted nanomedicines remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons

Yanyan Xu,

Jingyuan Xiong, Xiyang Sun

et al.

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 4327 - 4347

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety long-term memory ability. Discouragingly, low patient response rates potential immune-related side effects make it rather challenging to literally bring from bench bedside. However, become evident that, although immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in facilitating progression metastasis, also provides various targets for remodeling TME, which can consequently bolster effectiveness antitumor suppression. Additionally, particular characteristics turn, be exploited as avenues designing diverse precise targeting nanomedicines. In general, is urgent necessity deliver nanomedicines thus improving therapeutic outcomes clinical translation prospects immunotherapy. Herein, we will illustrate several formation mechanisms TME. More importantly, variety strategies concerning TME strengthening patients' immune systems, reviewed. Ultimately, discuss existing obstacles future perspectives development Hopefully, thriving bloom vibrancy further exploration comprehensive cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

127
Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review DOI Creative Commons

Arwa A. Al-Qahtani,

Fatimah S. Alhamlan, Ahmed A. Al‐Qahtani

et al.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of cells, whereas anti-inflammatory help suppress excessive inflammation promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview role pro-inflammatory diseases, with focus on mechanisms underlying their effects, diagnostic therapeutic potential, emerging trends IL-based therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

94
A Cancer Nanovaccine for Co-Delivery of Peptide Neoantigens and Optimized Combinations of STING and TLR4 Agonists DOI Creative Commons
Jessalyn J. Baljon, Alexander J. Kwiatkowski, Hayden M. Pagendarm

et al.

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 6845 - 6862

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment and led to complete durable responses, but only for a minority of patients. Resistance ICB can largely be attributed insufficient number and/or function antitumor CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Neoantigen targeted vaccines activate expand cell repertoire, historically, clinical responses have been poor because immunity against peptide antigens is typically weak, resulting activation cytotoxic cells. Herein, we describe nanoparticle vaccine platform that overcome these barriers several ways. First, reproducibly formulated using scalable confined impingement jet mixing method coload variety physicochemically diverse multiple adjuvants into pH-responsive, vesicular nanoparticles are monodisperse less than 100 nm diameter. Using this approach, encapsulated synergistically acting adjuvants, cGAMP monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), nanocarrier induce robust tailored innate immune response increased antigen immunogenicity. We found incorporating both nanovaccine enhanced expression dendritic costimulatory markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, cross-presentation. Additionally, delivery lymph node accumulation uptake by draining node. Consequently, codelivery antigen, cGAMP, MPLA antigen-specific delayed growth mouse models. Finally, improved efficacy immunotherapy murine colon carcinoma model. This work establishes versatile neoantigens synergistic enhance vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Enhancing in situ cancer vaccines using delivery technologies DOI
Ningqiang Gong, Mohamad‐Gabriel Alameh, Rakan El‐Mayta

et al.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 607 - 625

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Samik Chakraborty, Juan Ye, Herui Wang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes duties involved the induction of innate adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for expansion numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy advanced clinical trials. In recent years, reports established applicability adjuvants chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines a relatively novel approach field immunotherapy currently under extensive evaluation treating different cancers. present review, we tried deliver an inclusive discussion discussed their application challenges incorporation into approaches, particularly highlighting usage functional Finally, translational potential rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic Mannan-BAM, ligands, anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], autologous vaccine leveraging membrane-bound immune-inducing prowess probable types.

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities DOI
Ying Cui,

Megan Ho,

Yongjie Hu

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 4118 - 4137

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A comprehensive review of the current landscape and advancements in vaccine adjuvants, providing critical insights into research, development, regulatory licensing, potential future opportunities for enhancing efficacy safety.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering DOI Creative Commons

Anna Slezak,

Kevin Chang,

Samir Hossainy

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 1789 - 1822

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review discusses the balance of inflammation in immunity and biomaterials strategies to modulate cases imbalance such as autoimmune disease, infection, cancer. Adapted from “Balanced Energy State”, by BioRender.com (2023).

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Unlocking the power of nanomedicine: Cell membrane-derived biomimetic cancer nanovaccines for cancer treatment DOI
Zhao Guo, Shuhang Wang, Guangjun Nie

et al.

Med, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 660 - 688

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Construction of novel multi-epitope-based diagnostic biomarker HP16118P and its application in the differential diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection DOI Creative Commons
Jie Wang, Fan Jiang, Peng Cheng

et al.

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that significantly threatens human health. However, the differential diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active (ATB) remains a challenge for clinicians in early detection preventive intervention. In this study, we developed novel biomarker named HP16118P, utilizing 16 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, 11 cytotoxic (CTL) 8 B cell epitopes identified from 15 antigens associated with LTBI-RD using IEDB database. We analyzed physicochemical properties, spatial structure, immunological characteristics HP16118P various tools, which indicated it hydrophilic relatively stable alkaline protein. Furthermore, exhibited good antigenicity immunogenicity, while being non-toxic non-allergenic, potential to induce immune responses. observed can stimulate production high levels IFN-γ + lymphocytes individuals ATB, LTBI, health controls. IL-5 induced by demonstrated distinguishing LTBI ATB patients ( p =0.0372, AUC=0.8214, 95% CI [0.5843 1.000]) sensitivity 100% specificity 71.43%. incorporated GM-CSF, IL-23, IL-5, MCP-3 into machine learning algorithms construct model. It was found Quadratic discriminant analysis model best diagnostic performance discriminating between 1.00, 0.86, accuracy 0.93. summary, has strong induction MCP-3, suggesting their ATB.

Language: Английский

Citations

9