The chemistry of heterocycles in the 21st century

Russian Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 93(7), P. RCR5125 - RCR5125

Published: July 1, 2024

The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has traditionally been and remains a bright area chemical science in Russia. This is due to the fact that many heterocycles find widest application. These are key structural fragments most drugs, plant protection agents. Many natural also derivatives heterocycles. At present, more than half hundreds millions known collective review devoted achievements Russian chemists this field over last 15–20 years. presents leading heterocyclists representing both RAS institutes university science. It worth noting wide scope review, terms geography author teams, covering whole our large country, diversity research areas. Practically all major types represented review. special attention focused on practical applications design new drugs biologically active compounds, high-energy molecules, materials for organic electronics photovoltaics, ligands coordination chemistry, other rapidly developing advances would not be possible without development fundamental transformations chemistry.<br> Bibliography — 2237 references.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis, design and development of energetic materials: Quo Vadis?

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 486, P. 150410 - 150410

Published: March 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Expanding the Limits of Organic Energetic Materials: High-Performance Alliance of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Furazan Scaffolds

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 174 - 182

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

A majority of known and newly synthesized energetic materials comprise polynitrogen or nitrogen–oxygen heterocycles with various explosophores. However, available structural combinations these organic scaffolds are finite about to reach their limits. Herein, we present the design synthesis a series sulfur-containing polyazole structures comprising 1,3,4-thiadiazole furazan rings linked by C–C bonds enriched nitro azo functionalities. In terms detonation performance, all 1,3,4-thiadiazole-furazan assemblies (D = 7.7–7.9 km s–1; P 26–28 GPa) lie between powerful explosive TATB 8.0 31 melt-cast material TNT 6.9 23 GPa). series, azo-bridged derivative 5 seems be most practically interesting, as it combines relatively high performance 7.9 28 GPa), very thermal stability (271 °C), insensitivity friction. By functional properties, outperforms benchmark heat-resistant hexanitrostilbene (HNS). To best our knowledge, this is first example an alliance rare case high-energy materials, which can certainly considered evolutionary step in science.

Language: Английский

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Energetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis and properties

Russian Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 93(2), P. RCR5109 - RCR5109

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

The study of high-energy materials based on poly nitrogen- and nitrogen-oxygen-containing heterocycles is one the most important relevant modern interdisciplinary research areas at intersection organic physical chemistry science. Among such heterocycles, 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring a rather interesting building block for synthesis new energetic compounds. Although 1,2,4-oxadiazoles has been developed more than 100 years, these have only recently become known are currently "hot spots" in this field This review systematizes published methods features reactivity 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based Mono- bis(1,2,4-oxadiazoles) as well structures containing other azoles pyrazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole tetrazole considered. For series structurally similar compounds, their physicochemical properties summarized factors affecting particular parameter discussed.<br> Bibliography — 123 references.

Language: Английский

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Packing coefficient determining the packing density difference of CHON-containing isomers

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Packing density is a basic property of substances and acts as one important decisive factors service performances. This work focuses upon the determining packing at premise CHON-containing isomers with same chemical composition. It found that, for group isomers, molecular densities vary much less than coefficients densities, regardless significant difference structure therein. Thus, coefficient governs density, strategy based on data analysis elevating it proposed, such introduction strong dense hydrogen bonds formation internal salt. Additionally, C=O beneficial increasing while reducing energy release, thus can hardly be considered in energetics. Hopefully, this will deepen understanding offer new avenue designing high compounds.

Language: Английский

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New energetic 1,2,4‐triazole‐nitrofuroxan hybrids

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 713 - 722

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract New promising energetic materials comprised of 1,2,4‐triazole and furoxan rings bearing explosophoric nitro group were rationally designed synthesized. All newly prepared compounds thoroughly characterized their physicochemical properties estimated. In the synthesized series, (1,2,4‐triazolyl)furoxan 4 is completely insensitive to impact friction possesses good detonation performance (D = 8.4 km s −1 ; P 33 GPa) enabling its further exploration as a high‐energy material.

Language: Английский

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Improvement of Thermal Stability and Sensitivity of Furazan/Furoxan via Ring Closure Generation of Vicinal Amino-Nitro Structure

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(7), P. 4444 - 4452

Published: March 19, 2024

Energetic compounds that display high thermal stability and insensitivity properties are essential for applications in mining, gas drilling, etc. In this work, a novel 4-nitro-5-aminoisoxazole energetic moiety oriented to enhance decrease the sensitivity of furazan/furoxan analogues was constructed. The generation vicinal amino-nitro structure can be effectively realized one step by green mild ring-closing reaction nitroacetonitrile potassium salt with chloroxime aqueous solution. Seven new good (Td: 155.8∼270.3 °C) low (IS: >40 J, FS: 96∼192 N) were synthesized. nitro-furazan isoxazole combined product exhibits advantages both skeletons, (Dv = 8350 m s–1, P 30.1 GPa) may find value insensitive materials. This strategy promises achieve balance between energy levels offers way design synthesis highly thermally stable meet special applications.

Language: Английский

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Understanding how Molecular Skeletal Isomerism Affects the Stability of Energetic Fused-ring Molecules: a Comparative Study of ICM-103 and NAPTO

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metal-Free Catalytic Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans from α-Hydroxy Ketones and Cyano Compounds

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 1832 - 1832

Published: April 19, 2025

A novel method for the efficient and straightforward synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans is presented, employing a base-catalyzed reaction α-hydroxy ketones cyano compounds. The proceeds under relatively mild conditions, utilizes readily available starting materials, exhibits good functional group tolerance high yields. Notably, this obviates need expensive metal catalysts introduces crucial groups such as amino moieties. Furthermore, it avoids prerequisite functionalization substrates, thereby enhancing atomic economy.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the energetic potential of 2,5-disubstituted tetrazoles: a case of 2,5-bis(oxadiazolyl)tetrazoles

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The preparation of new energetic materials comprising the poorly explored 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole scaffold as a central structural motif coupled with oxadiazole rings is reported.

Language: Английский

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