Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 172 - 184

Published: Feb. 6, 2017

The gastrointestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, and there is increasing interest utilizing dietary approaches to modulate the composition metabolic function of microbial communities that colonize tract improve prevent or treat disease. One strategy for modulating consumption fiber prebiotics can be metabolized by microbes tract. Human alimentary enzymes are not able digest most complex carbohydrates plant polysaccharides. Instead, these polysaccharides which generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, butyrate. This article reviews current knowledge impact prebiotic on microbiota, effects physiochemical properties carbohydrates, adequate intake treatment dosages, phenotypic responses related microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis and the immune system

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 219 - 232

Published: March 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 120(7), P. 1183 - 1196

Published: March 30, 2017

Significant interest in recent years has focused on gut microbiota-host interaction because accumulating evidence revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases. Changes the composition of associated with referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked pathologies such atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition alterations composition, metabolic potential identified a contributing factor development Recent studies can elicit variety effects host. Indeed, microbiome functions like endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites, impact host physiology. Microbiota interact through many pathways, trimethylamine/trimethylamine

Language: Английский

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Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 156 - 165

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Microbial Hub Taxa Link Host and Abiotic Factors to Plant Microbiome Variation

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. e1002352 - e1002352

Published: Jan. 20, 2016

Plant-associated microorganisms have been shown to critically affect host physiology and performance, suggesting that evolution ecology of plants animals can only be understood in a holobiont (host its associated organisms) context. Host-associated microbial community structures are affected by abiotic factors, increased attention is given the role microbiome interactions such as pathogen inhibition. However, little known about how these factors act on community, especially what microbe–microbe interaction dynamics play. We begun address this knowledge gap for phyllosphere microbiomes simultaneously studying three major groups Arabidopsis thaliana symbionts (bacteria, fungi oomycetes) using systems biology approach. evaluated multiple potential control: we sampled various wild A. populations at different times, performed field plantings with genotypes, implemented successive colonization experiments under lab conditions where genotype, was manipulated. Our results indicate both genotype interact plant all microbes. Considering interactions, however, uncovered network interkingdom significant contributions structure. As other scale-free networks, small number taxa, which call "hubs," strongly interconnected severe effect communities. By documenting uncover an important mechanism explaining genotypic signatures control In short, they directly "hub" microbes, which, via transmit effects community. analyzed two microbes (the obligate biotrophic oomycete Albugo basidiomycete yeast fungus Dioszegia) more closely. had strong epiphytic endophytic bacterial colonization. Specifically, alpha diversity decreased beta stabilized presence infection, whereas otherwise varied between plants. Dioszegia, hand, provided evidence direct hub bacteria. The identification "hubs" their importance structuring has crucial implications plant–pathogen research opens new entry points ecosystem management future targeted biocontrol. revelation cascade through communities understand structure perturbations parallel fields including human bioprocesses. particular, parallels "keystone" pathogens open avenues interdisciplinary promise better our understanding functions host-associated microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1079 - 1089

Published: Oct. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises

Gut, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 67(9), P. 1716 - 1725

Published: June 22, 2018

The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of role microorganisms that reside in human attracted much beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies reported changes microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer even neurodegenerative is viewed as a potential source novel therapeutics. Between 2013 2017, number publications focusing on was, remarkably, 12 900, which represents four-fifths total 40 years investigated this topic. This review discusses recent evidence impact metabolic disorders focus selected key mechanisms. aims to provide critical analysis current knowledge field, identify putative issues or problems discuss misinterpretations. abundance metagenomic data generated comparing diseased healthy subjects can lead erroneous claim bacterium causally linked with protection onset disease. In fact, environmental factors such dietary habits, drug treatments, intestinal motility stool frequency consistency are all influence composition should be considered. cases bacteria Prevotella copri Akkermansia muciniphila will discussed examples.

Language: Английский

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The gut–liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 397 - 411

Published: May 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 259 - 270

Published: March 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome

Gut, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 65(5), P. 740 - 748

Published: Dec. 9, 2015

Background and aims

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the top 10 most widely used drugs in world. PPI use has been associated with an increased risk of enteric infections, notably Clostridium difficile. The gut microbiome plays important role by resisting or promoting colonisation pathogens. In this study, we investigated influence on microbiome.

Methods

composition 1815 individuals, spanning three cohorts, was assessed tag sequencing 16S rRNA gene. difference microbiota users versus non-users analysed separately each cohort, followed a meta-analysis.

Results

211 participants were using PPIs at moment stool sampling. is significant decrease Shannon9s diversity changes 20% bacterial taxa (false discovery rate <0.05). Multiple oral bacteria over-represented faecal PPI-users, including genus Rothia (p=9.8×10⁻³⁸). observed increase bacteria: genera Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus potentially pathogenic species Escherichia coli.

Conclusions

differences between study consistently towards less healthy These line known that predispose to C. difficile infections can explain users. On population level, effects more prominent than antibiotics other commonly drugs.

Language: Английский

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