An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 279 - 308

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Abstract Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates as heat for thermoregulation. Beige a hybrid form of that shares characteristics with BAT. Dysregulation metabolism linked to various disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infertility. Both adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such batokines, packaged extracellular vesicles or soluble signaling molecules play autocrine, paracrine, endocrine roles. A greater understanding the adipocyte secretome essential identifying novel molecular targets treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles regulating differentiation function, highlighting their potential biomarkers The browning has emerged promising therapeutic approach obesity associated Many agents have been identified, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems developed enhance efficacy. This review scrutinizes differences between white, brown, tissues, mechanisms involved development adipocytes, significant regulatory active different tissues. Finally, atherosclerosis, relationship cancer fertility crosstalk circadian system disorders are also investigated.

Language: Английский

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Advanced near‐infrared light approaches for neuroimaging and neuromodulation

BMEMat, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(2)

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Almost all physiological processes of animals are controlled by the brain, including language, cognitive, memory, learning, emotion and so forth. Minor brain dysfunction usually leads to diseases disorders. Therefore, it' is greatly meaningful urgent for scientists have a better understanding structure function. Optical approaches can provide powerful tools imaging modulating brain. In particular, optical in near‐infrared (NIR) window (700–1700 nm) exhibit excellent prosperities deep tissue penetration low scattering absorption compared with those visible windows (400–700 nm), which provides promising approach develop desired methods neuroimaging neuromodulation tissues. this review, variable types NIR light neural ions, membrane potential, neurotransmitters, other critical molecules functions summarized. latest breakthrough research regulation NIR‐II (1000–1700 highlighted. Finally, we conclude challenges prospects light‐based both basic further clinical translation.

Language: Английский

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Circadian-independent light regulation of mammalian metabolism

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 1000 - 1007

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Heat stress-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairs spermatogenesis by regulating secondary bile acid metabolism in the gut

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 937, P. 173305 - 173305

Published: May 20, 2024

Heat stress (HS) poses a substantial challenge to livestock. Studies have demonstrated that HS reduces fertility and leads gut microbiota dysbiosis in bulls. However, the impact of on bulls during is still unclear. Our research revealed exposure decreased semen quality bulls, fecal transplantation (FMT) from heat-stressed recipient mice resulted significant decrease number testicular germ cells epididymal sperm. Untargeted metabolomics methodology 16S rDNA sequencing conjoint analysis Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) seemed be key bacterial regulator spermatogenesis after exposure. Moreover, indicated A. regulated secondary bile acid metabolism by promoting colonization salt hydrolase (BSH)-metabolizing bacteria, leading increase retinol absorption host subsequently elevation retinoic level, thereby improving spermatogenesis. This study sheds light relationship between HS-induced spermatogenesis, offering potential therapeutic approach for addressing bull spermatogenic dysfunction triggered

Language: Английский

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Raptin, a sleep-induced hypothalamic hormone, suppresses appetite and obesity

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Sleep deficiency is associated with obesity, but the mechanisms underlying this connection remain unclear. Here, we identify a sleep-inducible hypothalamic protein hormone in humans and mice that suppresses obesity. This cleaved from reticulocalbin-2 (RCN2), name it Raptin. Raptin release timed by circuit vasopressin-expressing neurons suprachiasmatic nucleus to RCN2-positive paraventricular nucleus. levels peak during sleep, which blunted sleep deficiency. binds glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 (GRM3) of hypothalamus stomach inhibit appetite gastric emptying, respectively. Raptin-GRM3 signaling mediates anorexigenic effects via PI3K-AKT signaling. Of note, verify connections between deficiencies sleeping state, impaired release, obesity patients Moreover, carrying an RCN2 nonsense variant present night eating syndrome These data define unique food intake prevents

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Overview of the Neural Mechanisms of Light Therapy

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 350 - 362

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Abstract Light is a powerful environmental factor influencing diverse brain functions. Clinical evidence supports the beneficial effect of light therapy on several diseases, including depression, cognitive dysfunction, chronic pain, and sleep disorders. However, precise mechanisms underlying effects are still not well understood. In this review, we critically evaluate current clinical showing diseases. addition, introduce research progress regarding neural circuit modulatory functions, mood, memory, pain perception, sleep, circadian rhythm, development, metabolism.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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Comparative characterization of flavor precursors and volatiles of Taihe black-boned silky fowl and Hy-line Brown yolks using multiomics and GC-O-MS-based volatilomics

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 113168 - 113168

Published: June 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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A pharynx-to-brain axis controls pharyngeal inflammation–induced anxiety

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(11)

Published: March 6, 2024

Anxiety is a remarkably common condition among patients with pharyngitis, but the relationship between these disorders has received little research attention, and underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that densely innervated pharynx transmits signals induced by pharyngeal inflammation to glossopharyngeal vagal sensory neurons of nodose/jugular/petrosal (NJP) superganglia in mice. Specifically, NJP project norepinephrinergic nucleus solitary tract (NTS NE ). These NTS ventral bed stria terminalis (vBNST) induces anxiety-like behaviors murine model inflammation. Inhibiting this pharynx→NJP→NTS →vBNST circuit can alleviate associated This study thus defines pharynx-to-brain axis mechanistically links emotional response.

Language: Английский

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Physiological, Transcriptome, and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Tolerance to Cu Toxicity in Red Macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4770 - 4770

Published: April 27, 2024

Heavy metal copper (Cu) will inevitably impact the marine macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (G. lemaneiformis), which is a culture of economic importance along China’s coastline. In this study, detoxification mechanism Cu stress on G. was revealed by assessing physiological indicators in conjunction with transcriptome and metabolome analyses at 1 d after stress. Our findings that 25 μM stimulated ROS synthesis led to enzymatic oxidation arachidonic acid residues. This process subsequently impeded growth suppressing photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis, etc. The entry ions into algae facilitated ZIPs IRT transporters, presenting as Cu2+. Furthermore, there an up-regulation efflux transporters HMA5 ABC family achieve compartmentation mitigate toxicity. results elevated antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase ascorbate-glutathione cycle maintain homeostasis. Additionally, metabolites such flavonoids, 3-O-methylgallic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-keto-gama-carotene, eicosapentaenoic were up-regulated compared control, indicating they might play roles response summary, study offers comprehensive insight mechanisms driving responses exposure.

Language: Английский

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