Journal of Xenobiotics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 15 - 30
Published: Dec. 21, 2023
Triclosan
and
Triclocarban,
preservatives
widely
used
in
cosmetics
other
consumer
products,
underwent
evaluation
using
a
battery
of
new-approach
methodologies
vitro
(NAMs).
Specifically,
the
Microplate
Ames
Test
(MPF™
Test,
Xenometrix,
Allschwil,
Switzerland)
was
employed
to
assess
mutagenicity,
Comet
assay
on
HaCat
cell
line
Mammalian
Chromosome
Aberration
were
utilized
evaluate
genotoxicity,
XenoScreen®
YES/YAS
applied
investigate
endocrine
disruption.
The
chemicals
did
not
exhibit
any
positive
responses
for
mutagenicity.
However,
mammalian
chromosome
aberration
test
identified
both
as
being
genotoxicity
at
10
µg/mL.
In
assay,
percentage
DNA
tail
significantly
increased
concentration-dependent
manner
(at
5
µg/mL
Triclosan,
2.5,
5,
Triclocarban).
response
depended
increasing
concentration
duration
exposure.
but
Triclocarban
assays
performed,
indicated
potential
activity
anti-estrogenic
anti-androgenic
assays.
results
detected
obtained
concentrations
relevant
final
products.
alarming
findings
with
use
(NAMs)
justify
current
precautionary
regulatory
approach,
limiting
these
preservatives.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
167, P. 107405 - 107405
Published: July 11, 2022
To
avoid
the
harmful
effects
of
UV
radiation,
benzophenone-type
filters
(BPs)
are
widely
used
in
personal
care
products
and
other
synthetic
products.
Biomonitoring
studies
have
shown
presence
BPs
various
human
biological
samples,
raising
health
concerns.
However,
there
is
a
paucity
data
on
global
exposure
to
this
group
contaminants.
In
study,
we
compiled
body
burden
along
with
possible
routes
biotransformation
pathways.
can
easily
penetrate
skin
barrier
thus,
they
be
absorbed
through
skin.
body,
undergo
Phase
I
(mainly
demethylation
hydroxylation)
II
glucuronidation
sulfation)
biotransformations.
From
total
158
studies,
most
related
urine
(concentration
up
92.7
mg
L–1),
followed
by
those
reported
blood
(up
0.9
L–1)
milk
0.8
L–1).
Among
BPs,
benzophenone-1
benzophenone-3
commonly
detected
congeners.
The
associated
factors,
including
country
residence,
lifestyle,
income,
education
level,
ethnicity.
maternal
1.1
placenta
9.8
ng
g−1),
amniotic
fluid
15.7
μg
suggests
potential
risks
prenatal
exposure.
addition,
transplacental
transfer
possible,
as
demonstrated
their
serum
cord
serum.
association
was
discussed.
Future
biomonitoring
warranted.
Overall,
review
provides
summary
serve
supporting
evidence
guide
usage
order
protect
humans
from
being
exposed
BPs.
Eco-Environment & Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 30 - 44
Published: Oct. 19, 2023
Benzophenone
ultraviolet
light
filters
(BPs)
are
high-production-volume
chemicals
extensively
used
in
personal
care
products,
leading
to
widespread
human
exposure.
Given
their
estrogenic
properties,
the
potential
health
risks
associated
with
exposure
BPs
have
become
a
public
concern.
This
review
aims
summarize
sources
and
pathways
of
risks.
Dermal
exposure,
primarily
through
use
sunscreens,
constitutes
major
pathway
for
BP
At
recommended
application
rate,
dermal
BP-3
via
sunscreens
may
reach
or
exceed
suggested
reference
dose.
Other
BPs,
such
as
drinking
water,
seafood,
packaged
foods,
contribute
minimal
overall
Inhalation
is
minor
exposure;
however,
its
contribution
cannot
be
ignored.
Human
an
order
magnitude
higher
North
America
than
Asia
Europe.
Studies
conducted
on
laboratory
animals
cells
consistently
demonstrated
toxic
effects
elicit
reproductive
developmental
toxicities.
Furthermore,
neurotoxicity,
hepatotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity,
carcinogenicity
been
reported
from
chronic
In
addition
animal
cell
studies,
epidemiological
investigations
identified
associations
between
couples'
fecundity
other
disorders,
well
adverse
birth
outcomes.
Further
studies
urgently
needed
understand
posed
by
health.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
56(17), P. 12473 - 12482
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
Benzophenone
(BP)-type
ultraviolet
(UV)
filters
are
estrogenic
chemicals
used
extensively
in
sunscreen
products,
leading
to
concerns
over
human
exposure.
To
assess
exposure
BP
derivatives
sunscreens,
we
tested
14
UV
50
products
representing
44
brands
marketed
the
United
States
2021,
finding
BP,
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
(BP-3
or
oxybenzone),
2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
(BP-8),
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone
(BP-10),
2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone
(2,3,4-OH-BP),
and
4-methylbenzophenone
(4-Me-BP)
≥70%
of
samples.
The
geometric
mean
(GM)
concentration
sum
these
BPs
(∑14BPs)
was
6600
ng/g.
BP-3
predominant
oxybenzone-containing
(accounting
for
>99%
total
concentration),
with
a
5–6
orders
magnitude
higher
than
that
"oxybenzone-free"
(GM:
35
600
000
vs
113
ng/g).
present
>90%
analyzed,
including
those
labeled
2100
concentrations
were
∼100-fold
octocrylene-containing
"octocrylene-free"
15900
151
Dermal
doses
from
4140
ng/kg
body
weight
(BW)/day)
some
(24%)
12
200
BW/day)
above
reference
values
(2
30
BW/day
respectively).
This
study
provides
evidence
vary
widely
may
be
noteworthy
even
oxybenzone-
octocrylene-free,
making
dermal
continuing
concern.
Environment & Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(7), P. 424 - 440
Published: May 4, 2024
Triclosan
(TCS)
has
garnered
significant
attention
due
to
its
widespread
use
and
associated
endocrine-disrupting
effects.
However,
impact
on
the
neuroendocrine
system
underlying
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
established
correlations
between
TCS
exposure
serum
sex
hormone
levels
in
participants
of
National
Health
Nutrition
Examination
Survey
(NHANES).
Additionally,
investigated
TCS's
influence
using
adult
zebrafish
exposed
environmentally
relevant
concentrations
(0.361–48.2
μg/L)
for
21
days.
Assessment
reproductive
neurotoxicity
included
histopathological
examination
behavioral
tests.
Transcriptomics,
proteomics
analyses,
biochemical
detection
were
employed
elucidate
TCS-induced
disruption.
Significant
found
estradiol,
testosterone,
hormone-binding
globulin
NHANES
participants.
In
addition,
inhibited
ovary
development
spermatogenesis
zebrafish.
Transcriptomics
analysis
revealed
gender-specific
key
signaling
metabolism-related
pathways
implicated
toxicity.
Moreover,
induced
nervous
impairment,
as
evidenced
by
histological
changes
altered
motor
behavior,
possibly
with
oxidative
damage.
Correlation
further
highlighted
potential
connection
endocrine
disruption
impairment
following
exposure.
Overall,
this
study
provided
evidence
supporting
offered
insights
into
mechanisms.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
189, P. 108797 - 108797
Published: June 1, 2024
Benzophenone
(BP)-type
UV
filters
are
commonly
added
to
sunscreens
and
cosmetics
protect
against
radiation
for
human
skin
hair.
As
a
result,
BPs
ubiquitous
in
the
environment
body,
their
endocrine-disrupting
characteristics
have
been
hot
topic
of
discussion.
However,
our
knowledge
regarding
detrimental
effects
prenatal
exposure
on
pregnant
women
offspring
remains
limited.
To
fill
this
gap,
we
determined
five
BP
derivatives
600
serum
samples
obtained
from
women.
All
target
analytes,
except
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone
(BP-1),
achieved
100
%
detection
rate.
The
most
prevalent
compound
was
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
(BP-3),
with
median
concentration
0.545
ng/mL.
Significant
positive
correlations
were
observed
among
derivatives,
indicating
both
endogenous
metabolism
common
external
sources.
Utilizing
Bayesian
kernel
machine
regression
(BKMR)
quantile-based
g-computation
(QGC)
models,
found
relationships
between
reduced
neonatal
birth
weight
(BW)
chest
circumference
(BC)
during
third
trimester.
Notably,
adverse
effect
size
sex-specific.
Moreover,
triglyceride
(TG)
identified
as
potential
mediator
blood
pressure,
co-exposure
linked
disruptions
thyroid
hormone
levels
glucose
regulation.
Further
research
is
warranted
unravel
toxicity
fetuses.
Separations,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 30 - 30
Published: Jan. 12, 2024
Sunscreens
are
topical
preparations
containing
one
or
more
compounds
that
protect
humans
from
ultraviolet
(UV)
light.
This
review
focuses
on
analytical
methods,
particularly
liquid
chromatography,
with
the
aim
of
identifying
and
determining
UV
filters
(UVFs)
in
environmental
marine
biota
matrices.
A
literature
was
conducted
using
NIH
(PubMed
Medline),
FDA
EPA
databases,
Google
Scholar,
federal
regulations.
retrospective
is
focused
last
five
years.
UVF
quantification
biological
matrices
showed
a
wide
array
methods
where
chromatography
predominant.
The
scientific
identified
large
variety
methodologies
compared
this
to
evaluate
better
results
terms
limits
possibility
identify
as
many
analytes
possible
simultaneously.
