Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 145 - 155

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 124 - 136

Published: March 19, 2017

The importance of the gut–brain axis in regulating stress-related responses has long been appreciated. More recently, microbiota emerged as a key player control this axis, especially during conditions stress provoked by real or perceived homeostatic challenge. Diet is one most important modifying factors microbiota-gut-brain axis. routes communication between and brain are slowly being unravelled, include vagus nerve, gut hormone signaling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism, microbial metabolites such short chain fatty acids. early life shaping later health outcomes also emerging. Results from preclinical studies indicate that alterations composition way antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, birth Caesarean section, infection, other environmental influences - coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term modulation physiology behaviour. implicated variety including anxiety, depression irritable bowel syndrome, although largely based on animal correlative analysis patient populations. Additional research humans sorely needed to reveal relative impact causal contribution microbiome disorders. In regard, concept psychobiotics developed refined encompass methods targeting order positively mental outcomes. At 2016 Neurobiology Stress Workshop Newport Beach, CA, group experts presented symposium “The Microbiome: Development, Stress, Disease”. This report summarizes builds upon some concepts within context how might neurobiology stress.

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 113(12), P. 2019 - 2040

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2017

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social and behavioural impairments. In addition to neurological symptoms, ASD subjects frequently suffer from gastrointestinal abnormalities, thus implying a role of the gut microbiota in pathophysiology. Here, we bacterial fungal cohort autistic individuals demonstrating presence an altered microbial community structure. A fraction 90% were classified as severe ASDs. We found significant increase Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio due reduction Bacteroidetes relative abundance. At genus level, observed decrease abundance Alistipes, Bilophila, Dialister, Parabacteroides, Veillonella cohort, while Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Dorea, Lactobacillus significantly increased. Constipation has been then associated with different patterns neurotypical subjects, constipated high levels taxa belonging Escherichia/Shigella Clostridium cluster XVIII. also that Candida was more than double yet larger dispersion values, this difference only partially significant. The finding that, besides microbiota, mycobiota contributes alteration intestinal structure ASDs opens possibility for new potential intervention strategies aimed at relief symptoms

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(40), P. 10719 - 10724

Published: Sept. 11, 2017

There is emerging evidence that the commensal microbiota has a role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), putative autoimmune disease CNS. Here, we compared gut microbial composition 34 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS. While there were no major differences overall profiles, found significant increase some taxa such as Akkermansia untreated MS twins. Furthermore, most notably, when transplanted to transgenic mouse model spontaneous brain autoimmunity, twin-derived induced significantly higher incidence autoimmunity than healthy microbiota. The profiles colonized mice showed high intraindividual and remarkable temporal stability with several differences, including Sutterella, an organism shown induce protective immunoregulatory profile vitro. Immune cells from recipients MS-twin samples produced less IL-10 immune healthy-twin samples. may have regulatory CNS neutralization cytokine fecal increased incidence. These findings provide MS-derived contain factors precipitate MS-like model. They hence encourage detailed search pathogenic components human

Language: Английский

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The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?

Neurochemistry International, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 110 - 132

Published: June 25, 2016

Language: Английский

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Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 595(2), P. 489 - 503

Published: Sept. 19, 2016

There is a growing realisation that the gut-brain axis and its regulation by microbiota may play key role in biological physiological basis of neurodevelopmental, age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The routes communication between brain are being unravelled include vagus nerve, gut hormone signalling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism or way microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids. importance early life shaping future health outcomes also emerging. Disturbances this composition antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, infection, stress environmental influences coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term effects on physiology behaviour, at least animal models. It worth noting mode delivery birth those born Caesarean section having distinctly different to per vaginum. At other extreme life, ageing associated narrowing diversity healthy correlates diverse microbiome. Recently, has been implicated variety conditions including depression, autism, schizophrenia Parkinson's disease. still considerable debate whether not changes core pathophysiology merely epiphenomenal. plausible neuropsychiatric disorders might be treated targeting either transplantation, antibiotics psychobiotics.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive impairment by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis: Analysis of gut microbiota-brain communication

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 140 - 155

Published: Feb. 24, 2016

Emerging evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) impairs mental health. Germ-free mice and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis are two approaches to establish causality in microbiota-brain relationships. However, both models have limitations, as germ-free display alterations blood-brain barrier brain ultrastructure antibiotics may act directly on brain. We hypothesized concerns related can only adequately be addressed if effect intragastric treatment adult with multiple (i) community, (ii) metabolite profile colon, (iii) circulating metabolites, (iv) expression neuronal signaling molecules distinct areas (v) cognitive behavior is systematically investigated. Of used (ampicillin, bacitracin, meropenem, neomycin, vancomycin), ampicillin had some oral bioavailability but did not enter 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed disruption, metabolomics revealed was associated depletion bacteria-derived metabolites colon lipid species converted microbe-derived plasma. Importantly, novel object recognition, spatial, memory impaired antibiotic-treated mice. This deficit region-specific changes cognition-relevant molecules, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B, serotonin transporter neuropeptide Y system. conclude cerebral system play an important role impairment dysregulation due dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(12), P. 2645 - 2645

Published: Dec. 7, 2017

Long-term dietary habits play a crucial role in creating host-specific gut microbiota community humans. Despite the many publications about effects of carbohydrates (prebiotic fibers), impact fats, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on is less well defined. The few studies completed adults showed some common changes after PUFA supplementation. In particular, decrease Faecalibacterium, often associated with an increase Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria belonging to Lachnospiraceae family, has been observed. Coincidentally, dysbiosis these taxa found patients inflammatory bowel disease. Omega-3 PUFAs can exert positive action by reverting composition diseases, production anti-inflammatory compounds, like short-chain acids. addition, accumulating evidence animal model indicates that interplay between microbiota, acids, immunity helps maintain intestinal wall integrity interacts host immune cells. Finally, human have highlighted ability influence gut–brain axis, acting through composition. From findings, importance connection emerges, encouraging further studies.

Language: Английский

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Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 399 - 412

Published: July 6, 2016

Language: Английский

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