Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 276 - 295

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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mTOR as a central regulator of lifespan and aging

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 998 - 998

Published: July 2, 2019

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key component cellular metabolism that integrates nutrient sensing with processes fuel cell growth and proliferation. Although the involvement mTOR pathway in regulating life span aging has been studied extensively last decade, underpinning mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we highlight emerging insights link to various related aging, such as sensing, maintenance proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence, decline stem function.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Roles for Serotonin in Regulating Metabolism: New Implications for an Ancient Molecule

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(4), P. 1092 - 1107

Published: March 22, 2019

Abstract Serotonin is a phylogenetically ancient biogenic amine that has played an integral role in maintaining energy homeostasis for billions of years. In mammals, serotonin produced within the central nervous system regulates behavior, suppresses appetite, and promotes expenditure by increasing sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. addition these circuits, emerging evidence also suggests important peripheral as factor enhances nutrient absorption storage. Specifically, glucose fatty acids stimulate release from duodenum, promoting gut peristalsis absorption. enters bloodstream interacts with multiple organs, priming body storage insulin secretion de novo lipogenesis liver white tissue, while reducing lipolysis metabolic activity beige Collectively, acts endocrine promote efficient upregulating lipid anabolism. Pharmacological inhibition synthesis or signaling key tissues are potential drug targets obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic disease (NAFLD).

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted mitochondria: moving mitochondrial science beyond function and dysfunction

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 546 - 562

Published: April 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in health and disease

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 62(11), P. 1420 - 1458

Published: Oct. 31, 2019

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes

Molecular Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 27 - 42

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

The diminished glucose lowering effect of insulin in obesity, called "insulin resistance," is associated with intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and other serious maladies. Many publications on this topic have suggested numerous hypotheses the molecular cellular disruptions that contribute to syndrome. However, significant uncertainty remains mechanisms its initiation long-term maintenance. To simplify resistance analysis, review focuses unifying concept adipose tissue a central regulator systemic homeostasis by controlling liver skeletal muscle metabolism. Key aspects function related reviewed are: 1) modes which specific tissues control hepatic output disposal, 2) recently acquired understanding underlying these regulation, 3) steps pathways adversely affected obesity cause resistance. Adipocyte heterogeneity required mediate multiple tolerance. White adipocytes specialize sequestering triglycerides away from liver, muscle, limit toxicity. In contrast, brown/beige are very active directly taking up response β adrenergic signaling enhancing energy expenditure. Nonetheless, white, beige, brown all share common feature secreting factors possibly exosomes act distant homeostasis. Obesity exerts deleterious effects each adipocyte functions

Language: Английский

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Creatine metabolism: energy homeostasis, immunity and cancer biology

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 421 - 436

Published: June 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Low- and high-thermogenic brown adipocyte subpopulations coexist in murine adipose tissue

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 130(1), P. 247 - 257

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), as the main site of adaptive thermogenesis, exerts beneficial metabolic effects on obesity and insulin resistance. BAT has been previously assumed to contain a homogeneous population brown adipocytes. Utilizing multiple mouse models capable genetically labeling different cellular populations, well single-cell RNA sequencing 3D profiling, we discovered adipocyte subpopulation with low thermogenic activity coexisting classical high-thermogenic adipocytes within BAT. Compared adipocytes, these low-thermogenic had substantially lower Ucp1 Adipoq expression, larger lipid droplets, mitochondrial content. Functional analyses showed that, unlike have markedly basal respiration, they are specialized in fatty acid uptake. Upon changes environmental temperature, 2 subpopulations underwent dynamic interconversions. Cold exposure converted into cells. A thermoneutral environment opposite effect. The recruitment by cold stimulation is not affected high-fat diet feeding, but it does decline age. Our results revealed high degree functional heterogeneity

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Landscape for NAFLD in 2020

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 158(7), P. 1984 - 1998.e3

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Metabolic consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Balancing genes and environment for personalized care

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(6), P. 1530 - 1544

Published: March 1, 2021

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen dramatically for decades is expected to rise further, secondary the growing aging, sedentary population. strain on global health care projected be colossal. This review explores latest work emerging ideas related genetic environmental factors influencing metabolism. Translational research clinical applications, including impact COVID-19 pandemic, are highlighted. Looking forward, strategies personalize all aspects prevention, management necessary improve outcomes reduce these metabolic diseases.

Language: Английский

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