The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Johannes Burtscher, Martin Burtscher, Grégoire P. Millet

et al.

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 101976 - 101976

Published: April 23, 2021

Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be "enhanced" by physical activity (including exercise), which increases integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, short "mitochondrial fitness". Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory activity. Given the importance mitochondria immune functions, it thus not surprising that also an integral determinant antiviral host defense vulnerability infection. Here, we first briefly review viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions relevant response a particular focus on current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic innate function. Finally, modulation activity, aging chronic diseases represent common comorbidities COVID-19 discussed. conclude high - related should considered as protective factors infections, including COVID-19. This assumption corroborated reduced many established risk COVID-19, like age, various or obesity. argue regular analysis patients promotion – all its health benefits preventive measures against

Language: Английский

Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Bai, Daniele Tomasoni, Camilla Falcinella

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 611.e9 - 611.e16

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

486
Immune cell-mediated features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis DOI Creative Commons
Thierry Huby, Emmanuel L. Gautier

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 429 - 443

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of hepatic manifestations, starting with steatosis and potentially evolving towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is major health burden, its incidence increasing worldwide. Although it primarily disturbed metabolism, involves several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes, particularly when reaching the stage NASH, at which point inflammation becomes integral to progression disease. The cell landscape diverse steady state further evolves during NASH direct consequences for severity. In this Review, we discuss current concepts related role cells in onset NASH. A better understanding mechanisms by contribute pathogenesis should aid design innovative drugs target therapeutic options are limited. (NASH) serious chronic disorder prevalence Metabolic nature, also mobilizes system. Here, Huby Gautier knowledge regarding how subsets affect progression.

Language: Английский

Citations

382
Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? DOI Creative Commons
Chris R. Triggle, Ibrahim Mohammed, Khalifa Bshesh

et al.

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 155223 - 155223

Published: May 29, 2022

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and 2022 remains first-choice drug daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical clinical data has stimulated interest re-purposing metformin a variety diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome improves insulin sensitivity. 1 may help reduce dose. Meta-analysis from studies link reduction incidence cancer. Clinical trials, MILES (Metformin Longevity Study), TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed determine if can offset aging extend lifespan. Pre-clinical suggest that metformin, via suppression pro-inflammatory pathways, protection mitochondria vascular function, direct actions on neuronal stem cells, protect against neurodegenerative diseases. also studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these raise question: Is all diseases? It unclear as whether putative beneficial effects are secondary an anti-hyperglycemic insulin-sensitizing drug, or result other cellular actions, inhibition mTOR (mammalian target rapamycin), anti-viral actions. Clarification is sought ex vivo based use high concentrations be translated into benefits, they reflect 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact no known metabolites, another emerging issue linked endocrine disruption fish, extensive T2D raised concerns over human reproduction. objectives this review to: 1) evaluate mechanism(s) action metformin; 2) analyze controversial evidence metformin's effectiveness treatment than diabetes; 3) assess reproducibility data, finally 4) reach informed conclusion reasons. We conclude primary benefits antihyperglycaemic secondarily contribute reduced risk number thereby enhancing healthspan. However, like improving endothelial function independent glucose homeostasis add therapeutic

Language: Английский

Citations

183
Initial observations on age, gender, BMI and hypertension in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Raul Pellini, Aldo Venuti, Fulvia Pimpinelli

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100928 - 100928

Published: June 1, 2021

Literature data suggests that age, gender and body mass index (BMI) could be associated with difference in immune responses to vaccines. The first goal of the study was analyze antibody titre seven days after second dose BNT162b2 vaccine a group 248 healthcare workers (HCWs). how changes correlation gender, BMI hypertension.An immunogenicity evaluation carried out among HCWs vaccinated at Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy. All were asked by Italian national campaign beginning 2021. 260 enrolled study. eligible participants assigned receive priming two weeks' time booster exactly 21 thereafter. Blood nasopharyngeal swabs collected baseline 7 vaccine. Quantitative measurements IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens SARS-CoV-2 performed commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay. Presence SARS-Cov-2 swab determined RT-PCR testing.248 HWCs analyzed, 158 women (63.7%) 90 men (36.3%). After vaccine, 99.5% developed humoral response. geometric mean concentration subjects (285.9 AU/mL 95% CI: 249.5-327.7) higher than human convalescent sera (39.4 AU/mL, 33.1-46.9), p<0.0001. Multivariate linear regression analysis multivariate inclusion covariates. This demonstrated age (p<0.0001) (p = 0.038) are statistically differences response vaccination, whereas hypertension have no significant association 0.078 p 0.52 respectively).99.5% HCW female young seem an increased capacity mount responses. not vaccine.None.

Language: Английский

Citations

180
Hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by insulin resistance and adipose tissue infectivity by SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Moritz Reiterer, Mangala Rajan, Nicolás Gómez-Banoy

et al.

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(11), P. 2174 - 2188.e5

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

164
Elevated Interleukin-10 Levels in COVID-19: Potentiation of Pro-Inflammatory Responses or Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Action? DOI Creative Commons
Hashim Islam, Thomas C. Chamberlain, Alice Mui

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 21, 2021

Elevated Interleukin-10 Levels in COVID-19: Potentiation of Pro-Inflammatory Responses or Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Action?

Language: Английский

Citations

148
Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthesis blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication DOI Creative Commons

Junjun Chu,

Changsheng Xing, Yang Du

et al.

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 1466 - 1475

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 is a virus-induced inflammatory disease of the airways and lungs that leads to multi-organ damage death. Here we show cellular lipid synthesis required for SARS-CoV-2 replication offers an opportunity pharmacological intervention. Screening short-hairpin RNA sublibrary targets metabolic genes, identified genes either inhibit or promote viral infection, including two key candidate ACACA FASN, which operate in same pathway. We further screened several potent inhibitors fatty acid synthase (encoded FASN), US Food Drug Administration-approved anti-obesity drug orlistat, found it inhibits vitro variants, more contagious new such as Delta. In mouse model infection (K18-hACE2 transgenic mice), injections orlistat resulted lower levels lung, reduced lung pathology increased survival. Our findings identify candidates prevention treatment inhibiting replication. Clinical trials are needed evaluate efficacy repurposing humans. Pharmacological synthase, approved shown vivo.

Language: Английский

Citations

104
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A metabolic perspective DOI Creative Commons
Philipp E. Scherer, John P. Kirwan, Clifford J. Rosen

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 23, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to rage around the world. At same time, despite strong public health measures and high vaccination rates in some countries, a post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged which lacks clear definition, prevalence, or etiology. However, fatigue, dyspnea, brain fog, lack of smell and/or taste are often characteristic patients with this syndrome. These evident more than month after infection, labeled as Post-Acute Sequelae CoV-2 (PASC) commonly referred long-COVID. Metabolic dysfunction (i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus) is predisposing risk factor for severe acute COVID-19, there emerging evidence that plus chronic inflammatory state may predispose PASC. In article, we explore potential pathogenic metabolic mechanisms could underly both COVID-19 PASC, then consider how these might be targeted future therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

76
Incidence of New-Onset Hypertension Post–COVID-19: Comparison With Influenza DOI
Vincent Zhang, Molly Fisher, Wei Hou

et al.

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(10), P. 2135 - 2148

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 may trigger new-onset persistent hypertension. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors associated with hypertension during COVID-19 hospitalization at ≈6-month follow-up compared influenza.This retrospective observational was conducted in a major academic health system New York City. Participants included 45 398 patients (March 2020 to August 2022) 13 864 influenza (January 2018 without history of hypertension.At 6-month follow-up, seen 20.6% hospitalized 10.85% nonhospitalized COVID-19. Persistent among did not vary across pandemic, whereas that decreased from 20% March ≈10% October (R2=0.79, P=0.003) then plateaued thereafter. Hospitalized were 2.23 ([95% CI, 1.48-3.54]; P<0.001) times 1.52 1.22-1.90]; P<0.01) more likely develop than counterparts. common older adults, males, Black, preexisting comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery chronic kidney disease), those who treated pressor corticosteroid medications. Mathematical models predicted 79% 86% accuracy. In addition, 21.0% no prior developed hospitalization.Incidence is higher influenza, constituting burden given sheer number Screening at-risk for following illness be warranted.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Incidence of new-onset in-hospital and persistent diabetes in COVID-19 patients: comparison with influenza DOI Creative Commons
Justin Y. Lu,

Jack Wilson,

Wei Hou

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 104487 - 104487

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

45