A global view of the interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 284 - 296

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea 2021

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 417 - 426

Published: May 26, 2022

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus, risk-factor control, comorbidities among Korean adults.

Language: Английский

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Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases?

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 155223 - 155223

Published: May 29, 2022

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and 2022 remains first-choice drug daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical clinical data has stimulated interest re-purposing metformin a variety diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome improves insulin sensitivity. 1 may help reduce dose. Meta-analysis from studies link reduction incidence cancer. Clinical trials, MILES (Metformin Longevity Study), TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed determine if can offset aging extend lifespan. Pre-clinical suggest that metformin, via suppression pro-inflammatory pathways, protection mitochondria vascular function, direct actions on neuronal stem cells, protect against neurodegenerative diseases. also studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these raise question: Is all diseases? It unclear as whether putative beneficial effects are secondary an anti-hyperglycemic insulin-sensitizing drug, or result other cellular actions, inhibition mTOR (mammalian target rapamycin), anti-viral actions. Clarification is sought ex vivo based use high concentrations be translated into benefits, they reflect 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact no known metabolites, another emerging issue linked endocrine disruption fish, extensive T2D raised concerns over human reproduction. objectives this review to: 1) evaluate mechanism(s) action metformin; 2) analyze controversial evidence metformin's effectiveness treatment than diabetes; 3) assess reproducibility data, finally 4) reach informed conclusion reasons. We conclude primary benefits antihyperglycaemic secondarily contribute reduced risk number thereby enhancing healthspan. However, like improving endothelial function independent glucose homeostasis add therapeutic

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection drives an inflammatory response in human adipose tissue through infection of adipocytes and macrophages

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(674)

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, is associated with adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, yet underlying mechanism unknown. To explore whether severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection tissue contributes to pathogenesis, we evaluated COVID-19 autopsy cases and deeply profiled response SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In cases, identified RNA adipocytes an inflammatory infiltrate. We two distinct cellular targets infection: a subset tissue-resident macrophages. Mature were permissive infection; although macrophages abortively infected, initiated responses within both infected bystander preadipocytes. These data suggest that could contribute severity through replication virus induction local systemic driven

Language: Английский

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2—at the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(5), P. 906 - 922

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

ACE2 is the indispensable entry receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Because of COVID-19 pandemic, it has become one most therapeutically targeted human molecules in biomedicine. serves two fundamental physiological roles: as an enzyme, alters peptide cascade balance; a chaperone, controls intestinal amino acid uptake. ACE2's tissue distribution, affected by co-morbidities sex, explains broad tropism coronaviruses clinical manifestations SARS COVID-19. ACE2-based therapeutics provide universal strategy to prevent treat SARS-CoV-2 infections, applicable all variants other emerging zoonotic exploiting their cellular receptor.

Language: Английский

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Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A metabolic perspective

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 23, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to rage around the world. At same time, despite strong public health measures and high vaccination rates in some countries, a post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged which lacks clear definition, prevalence, or etiology. However, fatigue, dyspnea, brain fog, lack of smell and/or taste are often characteristic patients with this syndrome. These evident more than month after infection, labeled as Post-Acute Sequelae CoV-2 (PASC) commonly referred long-COVID. Metabolic dysfunction (i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus) is predisposing risk factor for severe acute COVID-19, there emerging evidence that plus chronic inflammatory state may predispose PASC. In article, we explore potential pathogenic metabolic mechanisms could underly both COVID-19 PASC, then consider how these might be targeted future therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Innate metabolic responses against viral infections

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1245 - 1259

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Adipose Signals Regulating Distal Organ Health and Disease

Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(2), P. 169 - 177

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Excessive adiposity in obesity is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other cardiometabolic diseases. An unhealthy expansion adipose tissue (AT) results reduced adipogenesis, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, chronic low-grade inflammation, macrophage infiltration, insulin resistance. This ultimately culminates AT dysfunction characterized by decreased secretion antidiabetic adipokines such as adiponectin adipsin proinflammatory prodiabetic including RBP4 resistin. imbalance adipokine alters the physiological state communication with target organs pancreatic β-cells, heart, liver. In are known to have direct effect on secretion, gene expression, cell death, and/or dedifferentiation. For instance, impaired adipsin, which promotes β-cell identity, failure T2D, thus presenting potential druggable improve preserve function. The cardiac affected both classic white AT–secreted newly recognized brown (BAT)-secreted BATokines or lipokines that alter lipid deposition ventricular liver, affect hepatic gluconeogenesis, accumulation, sensitivity, underscoring importance adipose-liver pathogenesis disease. this perspective, we outline what currently about effects individual heart.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health—A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 378 - 378

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is increasingly recognized a condition affecting not only adults but children and adolescents. While often experience milder acute COVID-19 symptoms compared to adults, some develop persistent physical, psychological, neurological lasting for weeks or months after initial infection. The most commonly reported include debilitating fatigue, respiratory issues, headaches, muscle pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, cognitive difficulties, which significantly impact daily activities, schooling, social interactions. Additionally, many with long COVID psychological symptoms, such anxiety, depression, mood swings, irritability, likely exacerbated by prolonged illness lifestyle disruptions. Risk factors in pre-existing health conditions asthma, obesity, disorders, adolescents females seemingly more affected. Hypothesized mechanisms underlying chronic immune dysregulation, viral particles stimulating inflammation, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, may collectively contribute the variety observed symptoms. Long-term outcomes remain uncertain; however, can lead school absenteeism, withdrawal, distress, potentially development. Severe cases postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) reduced exercise tolerance. This review synthesizes existing literature on children, examining its prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors, potential mechanisms, an emphasis need further clinical studies. research largely relies surveys self-reported data, assessments are essential accurately characterize pediatric populations guide effective management strategies.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 induces new-onset insulin resistance and lipid metabolic dysregulation via regulation of secreted metabolic factors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Abstract Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in COVID-19 patients were recently reported with unclear mechanism. In this study, we retrospectively investigated a cohort of without pre-existing metabolic-related diseases, found new-onset insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, decreased HDL-C these patients. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the expression RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), which modulated secreted metabolic factors including myeloperoxidase, apelin, myostatin at transcriptional level, resulting perturbation metabolism. Furthermore, several lipids, (±)5-HETE, (±)12-HETE, propionic acid, isobutyric acid identified as potential biomarkers COVID-19-induced dysregulation, especially resistance. Taken together, our study revealed resistance direct cause hyperglycemia upon COVID-19, further illustrated underlying mechanisms, providing therapeutic targets for complications.

Language: Английский

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