Peptide and peptide-based inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 47 - 65

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

To date, no effective vaccines or therapies are available against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative pandemic agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to their safety, efficacy and specificity, peptide inhibitors hold great promise for treatment newly emerging viral pathogens. Based on known structures proteins cellular targets, antiviral peptides can be rationally designed optimized. The resulting may highly specific respective targets particular pathogens exert broad activity. Here, we summarize current status inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry outline strategies used design targeting ACE2 receptor spike protein its activating proteases furin, transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), cathepsin L. In addition, present approaches related viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 that might implemented inhibition infection.

Language: Английский

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Increased incidence of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital with the COVID‐19 pandemic

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(2), P. 152 - 156

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

The incidence of candidemia in our hospital has been stable over an 18-year period (1.3 episodes per 1000 admissions). Since March 2020, we have observed increase cases candidemia.In the was prepared to receive patients with COVID-19, cancellation elective procedures, discharge less sick and activation beds for COVID-19. We compared 2 periods: from January 2019 February 2020 (period 1) September 2).We diagnosed 41 candidemia, 16 1 25 (9 COVID-19 patients). Compared non-COVID-19 patients, were more likely be under mechanical ventilation (100% vs. 34.4%, P < .001). median number monthly admissions 723 (interquartile range 655-836) 523 389-574), respectively. (per admissions) 1.54 7.44 (P In 2, 4.76 if consider only 2.68 14.80 considering COVID-19.The may attributed factors: a reduction (denominator) occurrence patients.

Language: Английский

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Will coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have an impact on antimicrobial resistance?

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(45)

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

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Language: Английский

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The interface between COVID-19 and bacterial healthcare-associated infections

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 1772 - 1776

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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State-of-the-art review of secondary pulmonary infections in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 49(4), P. 591 - 605

Published: March 11, 2021

The incidence of secondary pulmonary infections is not well described in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Understanding the and associated bacterial fungal microorganisms identified can improve patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to determine patients, describe identified. We perform a literature search select articles with confirmed diagnoses that occur 48 h after admission, using respiratory tract cultures adult exclude involving co-infections defined as diagnosed at time admission by non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses, bacteria, microorganisms. low 16% (4.8–42.8%) for lower 6.3% (0.9–33.3%) Secondary are predominantly seen critically ill most common Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Aspergillus fumigatus microorganism cause infections. Other rare opportunistic infection reported such PJP mostly confined small case series reports. overall diagnose 10 days (2–21 days) from initial hospitalization 9 (4–18 ICU admission. use antibiotics high 60–100% studies included our review. widespread empirical during current pandemic may contribute development multidrug-resistant microorganisms, antimicrobial stewardship programs required minimizing de-escalating antibiotics. Due variation definition across studies, large, well-designed study incidence, risk factors, outcomes

Language: Английский

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Secondary Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Indian Experience

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 1893 - 1903

Published: May 1, 2021

Critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients need hospitalization which increases their risk of acquiring secondary bacterial and fungal infections. The practice empiric antimicrobial prescription, due to limited diagnostic capabilities many hospitals, has the potential escalate an already worrisome resistance (AMR) situation in India. This study reports prevalence profiles infections (SIs) clinical outcomes hospitalized COVID-19 India.A retrospective admitted intensive care units (ICUs) wards ten hospitals Indian Council Medical Research (ICMR) AMR surveillance network, between June August 2020, was undertaken. demographic data, time infection after admission, microbiological data infections, outcome were collated.Out 17,534 patients, 3.6% developed or mortality among who 56.7% against overall 10.6% total patients. Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 78% Klebsiella pneumoniae (29%) predominant pathogen, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (21%). Thirty-five percent reported polymicrobial including High levels carbapenem seen A. (92.6%) K. (72.8%).Predominance pathogens coupled with high rates higher generation antimicrobials is alarming finding. A rate warrants extra caution improve control practices stewardship interventions not only save patient lives but also prevent selection drug-resistant current very conducive.

Language: Английский

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Few bacterial co-infections but frequent empiric antibiotic use in the early phase of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from a multicentre retrospective cohort study in The Netherlands

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 102 - 110

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Background Knowledge on bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 is crucial to use antibiotics appropriately. Therefore, we aimed determine the incidence of co-infections, antibiotic and application antimicrobial stewardship principles hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods We performed a retrospective observational study four hospitals (1 university, 2 non-university teaching, 1 non-teaching hospital) Netherlands from March May 2020 including consecutive PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data first microbiological investigations obtained at discretion physician week hospital admission were collected.Results Twelve (1.2%) 925 included had documented co-infection (75.0% pneumonia) within week. Microbiological testing was 749 (81%) patients: sputum cultures 105 (11.4%), blood 711 (76.9%), pneumococcal urinary antigen 202 (21.8%), Legionella 199 (21.5%) patients, clear variation between hospitals. On presentation 556 (60.1%; range 33.3–73.4%) received for median duration days (IQR 1–4). Intravenous oral switch 41 413 (9.9%) who intravenous treatment >48 h. Mean adherence local guideline empiric therapy day average 60.3% (range 45.3%–74.7%).Conclusions are rare, while abundant. This implies that should be withheld. has potential dramatically reduce current overuse pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Factors Associated With Health Care-Associated Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(6)

Published: May 5, 2021

Abstract Background Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at increased risk of health care–associated infections (HAIs), especially prolonged hospital stays. We sought to identify incidence, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and outcomes associated bacterial/fungal secondary in a large cohort patients COVID-19. Methods evaluated adult diagnosed COVID-19 between 2 March 31 May 2020 &gt;24 hours. Data extracted from medical records included diagnoses, vital signs, laboratory results, microbiological data, antibiotic use. Microbiologically confirmed bacterial fungal pathogens clinical cultures were characterize community- infections, including describing temporal changes predominant organisms on presentation throughout hospitalization. Univariable multivariable logistic regression analyses performed investigate factors for HAIs. Results A total 3028 accounted 899 positive cultures. Overall, 516 (17%) met criteria infection. Community-associated coinfections identified 183 (6%) patients, whereas HAIs occurred 350 (12%) patients. Fifty-seven percent caused by gram-negative bacteria 19% fungi. Antibiotic resistance longer stays, incremental increases the proportion vancomycin among enterococci ceftriaxone carbapenem Enterobacterales. Intensive care unit stay, invasive mechanical ventilation, steroids Conclusions occur small most often pathogens. is more prevalent Antimicrobial stewardship imperative this population minimize unnecessary broad-spectrum

Language: Английский

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Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Risk of Pneumococcal Coinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Prospective National Cohort Study, England

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72(5), P. e65 - e75

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza results in synergistic lethality, but there are limited data on pneumococcal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Public Health England conducts invasive disease (IPD) and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance England. IPD trends during 2000/2001–2019/2020 epidemiological years were analyzed cases February–June 2020 linked laboratory-confirmed infections. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for death. Results incidence 2019/2020 (7.6/100 000; n = 3964) 30% (IRR, .70; 95% CI, .18–2.67) lower compared 2018/2019 (10.9/100 5666), large reductions observed across all age groups March–June 2020. There 160 886 1137 2020, including 40 IPD/coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) co-infections (.025% [95% .018–.034] of infections; 3.5% [2.5–4.8] cases), 21 COVID-19 diagnosed 3–27 days after IPD, 27 who developed ≥28 IPD. Case-fatality rates (CFRs) 62.5 (25/40), 47.6% (10/21), 33.3% (9/27), respectively (P &lt; .001). In addition an independent association increasing serotype group, CFR 7.8-fold (95% 3.8–15.8) higher those IPD/COVID-19 3.9-fold 1.4–10.7) patients only. Conclusions Large declines following lockdown. coinfections rare associated high CFR, mainly older adults. The rarity, distribution do not support wider extension vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Predictors of hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal superinfections in COVID-19: a prospective observational study

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(4), P. 1078 - 1084

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Abstract Background Bacterial and fungal superinfections may complicate the course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Objectives To identify predictors in Methods Prospective, observational study including COVID-19 consecutively admitted to University Hospital Pisa, Italy, between 4 March 30 April 2020. Clinical data outcomes were registered. Superinfection was defined as a bacterial or infection that occurred ≥48 h after hospital admission. A multivariate analysis performed factors independently associated superinfections. Results Overall, 315 109 episodes documented 69 (21.9%) patients. The median time from admission superinfection 19 days (range 11–29.75). Superinfections caused by Enterobacterales (44.9%), non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (15.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (15.6%) fungi (5.5%). Polymicrobial infections accounted for 18.3%. Predictors were: intestinal colonization carbapenem-resistant (OR 16.03, 95% CI 6.5–39.5, P &lt; 0.001); invasive mechanical ventilation 5.6, 2.4–13.1, immunomodulatory agents (tocilizumab/baricitinib) 5.09, 2.2–11.8, C-reactive protein on &gt;7 mg/dl 3.59, 1.7–7.7, = previous treatment piperacillin/tazobactam 2.85, 1.1–7.2, 0.028). Length stay longer who developed ompared those did not (30 versus 11 days, 0.001), while mortality rates similar (18.8% 23.2%, 0.445). Conclusions risk is consistent. Patients need empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics immunomodulant drugs should be carefully selected. Infection control rules must reinforced.

Language: Английский

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