Leading Pathogens Involved in Co-Infection and Super-Infection with COVID-19: Forensic Medicine Considerations after a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons

Roberto Scendoni,

Emanuele Bury,

Isabella Lima Arrais Ribeiro

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 646 - 646

Published: April 27, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the potential for co-infection or over-infection with other respiratory infections, as they can complicate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of disease. This is also a challenge forensic pathologists, who may come across cases where presence suspected confirmed, it important that take this into account when determining cause death. aim systematic review to analyse prevalence each specific pathogen co-infecting over-infecting patients SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 575 studies were selected from Scopus Pub-Med online databases 8 included in meta-analysis. Male gender, advanced age nursing home care are risk factors associated development co-infection, whereas age, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia bacterial infection predictors mortality. Overall, however, having does not represent real co-infections/super-infections.

Language: Английский

Multicenter Epidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease–Associated Mucormycosis, India DOI Creative Commons
Kamalesh Kumar Patel, Ritesh Agarwal, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 2349 - 2359

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

During September-December 2020, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study across India to evaluate epidemiology and outcomes among cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Among 287 patients, 187 (65.2%) had CAM; CAM prevalence was 0.27% hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We noted 2.1-fold rise in during the period compared with 2019. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus most common underlying non-CAM only 32.6% COVID-19-related hypoxemia improper glucocorticoid use independently were associated CAM. The case-fatality rate at 12 weeks 45.7% but similar for Age, rhino-orbital-cerebral involvement, intensive care unit admission increased mortality rates; sequential antifungal drug treatment improved survival. pandemic has led increases India, partly from inappropriate use.

Language: Английский

Citations

430
Incidence, diagnosis and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Woon H. Chong,

Kristoffer Neu

Journal of Hospital Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 115 - 129

Published: April 21, 2021

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is defined as invasive occurring in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review was to discuss the incidence, characteristics, diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, and outcomes hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAPA. A literature search performed through Pubmed Web Science databases for articles published up 20th March 2021. In 1421 patients, overall CAPA incidence 13.5% (range 2.5-35.0%). majority required mechanical ventilation (IMV). time diagnosis from illness onset varied between 8.0 16.0 days. However, intensive care unit (ICU) admission IMV initiation ranged 4.0-15.0 days 3.0-8.0 most common criteria were modified AspICU-Dutch/Belgian Mycosis Study Group IAPA-Verweij et al. total 77.6% had positive lower respiratory tract cultures, other fungal biomarkers bronchoalveolar lavage serum galactomannan 45.3% 18.2% mortality rate high at 48.4%, despite widespread use antifungals. Lengthy hospital ICU stays ranging 16.0-37.5 10.5-37.0 observed. prolonged duration 13.0-20.0 true likely remains unknown limited by lack standardized that rely solely on microbiological data direct or indirect detection Aspergillus specimens, particularly clinical conditions a low pretest probability. well-designed, multi-centre study determine optimal approach required.

Language: Английский

Citations

126
Recovering from a pandemic: pulmonary fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection DOI Creative Commons
Ruben Mylvaganam, Joseph I. Bailey, Jacob I. Sznajder

et al.

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210194 - 210194

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Acute manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection continue to impact the lives many across world. Post-acute sequelae coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect 10-30% survivors COVID-19, and post-acute COVID-19 (PASC)-pulmonary fibrosis is a long-term outcome associated with major morbidity. Data from prior outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome Middle East syndrome) suggest that pulmonary will contribute morbidity, suggesting PASC-pulmonary should be thoroughly screened for through function testing cross-sectional imaging. As data accumulates on unique pathobiologic mechanisms underlying critical focus corollaries subacute chronic profibrotic phenotype must sought as well. Key aspects pathobiology account increased rates include monocyte/macrophage-T-cell circuits, RNA transcriptomics, protracted elevated levels inflammatory cytokines, duration illness ventilation. Mechanistic understanding central in determining therapeutic options ultimately play role transplant considerations. Well-designed cohort studies prospective clinical registries are needed. Clinicians, researchers healthcare systems actively address this complication PASC minimise disability, maximise quality life confront post-COVID-19 global health crisis.

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-associate pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): a systematic review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Woon H. Chong, Biplab K. Saha,

Kristoffer Neu

et al.

Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 43 - 56

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Predictors and microbiology of respiratory and bloodstream bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: living rapid review update and meta-regression DOI Creative Commons
Bradley J. Langford, Miranda So, Valerie Leung

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 491 - 501

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Pathogenesis of Respiratory Viral and Fungal Coinfections DOI
Fabián Salazar, Elaine Bignell, Gordon D. Brown

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Individuals suffering from severe viral respiratory tract infections have recently emerged as "at risk" groups for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is one of the most common causes acute lower worldwide. Fungal complicating influenza pneumonia are associated with increased disease severity and mortality, pulmonary aspergillosis being manifestation. Strikingly, similar observations been made during current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The copathogenesis coinfections complex involves a dynamic interplay between host immune defenses virulence microbes involved that often results in failure to return homeostasis. In this review, we discuss main mechanisms underlying susceptibility following A comprehensive understanding these interactions will aid development therapeutic modalities against newly identified targets prevent treat emerging coinfections.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Gut microbiota from patients with COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID symptoms DOI Creative Commons
Viviani Mendes de Almeida, Daiane F. Engel, Mayra Fernanda Ricci

et al.

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are frequent and major concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affects the host gut microbiota, which is linked to severity in patients with COVID-19. Here, we report that microbiota post-COVID subjects had a remarkable predominance Enterobacteriaceae strains an antibiotic-resistant phenotype compared healthy controls. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were reduced feces. Fecal transplantation from germ-free mice led lung inflammation worse outcomes during pulmonary by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. transplanted also exhibited poor cognitive performance. Overall, show prolonged impacts SARS-CoV-2 on persist after have cleared virus. Together, these data demonstrate can directly contribute sequelae, suggesting it may be potential therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Risk factors and effect on mortality of superinfections in a newly established COVID-19 respiratory sub-intensive care unit at University Hospital in Rome DOI Creative Commons
Alessandra Iacovelli, Alessandra Oliva,

Guido Siccardi

et al.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Little is known on the burden of co-infections and superinfections in a specific setting such as respiratory COVID-19 sub-intensive care unit. This study aims to (i) assess prevalence concurrent unit, (ii) evaluate risk factors for development (iii) impact in-hospital mortality.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
PlyKp104, a Novel Phage Lysin for the Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Other Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens DOI
Chad W. Euler,

Assaf Raz,

Anaise Hernandez

et al.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(5)

Published: April 26, 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two leading causes of burn wound infections, pneumonia, urinary tract more severe invasive diseases, which often multidrug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant. Due to this, it is critical discover alternative antimicrobials, such as bacteriophage lysins, against these pathogens. Unfortunately, most lysins that target Gram-negative bacteria require additional modifications outer membrane permeabilizing agents be bactericidal. We identified four putative through bioinformatic analysis phage genomes in the NCBI database then expressed tested their intrinsic lytic activity vitro. The active lysin, PlyKp104, exhibited >5-log killing K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, other representatives multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter species) without further modification. PlyKp104 displayed rapid high over a wide pH range concentrations salt urea. Additionally, pulmonary surfactants low human serum did not inhibit also significantly reduced drug-resistant >2 logs murine skin infection model after one treatment wound, suggesting this lysin could used topical antimicrobial MDR infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Global antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients within health facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated participant data DOI

Xinyi Yang,

Xiying Li,

Shengyue Qiu

et al.

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 106183 - 106183

Published: May 14, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

16