International Journal of Green Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(14), P. 3367 - 3390
Published: June 18, 2024
Biodiesel
generated
from
oils
and
fats
composed
of
fatty
acid
alkyl
esters
is
a
potential
substitution
for
fossil
fuels,
gaining
attention
as
the
demand
sustainable
energy
grows.
Enzymatic
transesterification
has
emerged
promising
method
biodiesel
production
due
to
low
required,
easy
glycerol
recovery
compatibility
with
various
feedstocks.
This
also
offers
high
specificity
operates
under
mild
reaction
conditions.
However,
limitations
such
enzyme
cost,
product
yield,
stability
harsh
conditions,
have
hindered
progress
biocatalysis.
Protein
engineering
an
important
strategy
overcome
these
limitations,
particularly
through
rational
design.
Rational
design
approaches
are
advantageous
in
lipase
engineering,
accessible
experimental
tools
existing
knowledge
structure
function.
Site-directed
mutagenesis
been
applied
improve
stability,
substrate
specificity,
methanol
tolerance,
catalytic
efficiency
by
introducing
molecular
interactions
like
hydrogen
bonds
disulfide
bridges
well
improved
lid
flexibility
mutations
at
or
swapping.
targeted
approach
allows
precise
modification
amino
residues,
optimizing
better
performance,
which
crucial
efficient
production.
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
238(5), P. 809 - 827
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Abstract
Agricultural
waste
upcycling
is
crucial
in
the
context
of
climate
change.
Utilizing
seven
agricultural
by-products
as
basal
substrates,
coconut
meal
(
Cocos
nucifera
)
emerged
most
efficient,
supporting
highest
extracellular
lipase
(triacyl
glycerol
acyl
hydrolases)
yield
i.e.,
5.27
±
1.75
a
U
mL
−1
.
This
study
explored
production
lipases
through
solid-state
fermentation
by
using
co-cultures
Aspergillus
niger
,
wild
and
mutant
strains.
Optimization
experiments
revealed
that
30
g
resulted
optimal
for
activity
6.16
0.16
Incubation
at
°C,
1
inoculum
size,
distilled
water
diluent
further
enhanced
lipolytic
activity.
The
identified
sucrose
preferred
carbon
source,
with
4
%
concentration
demonstrating
13.66
0.33
Supplementary
sources
like
olive
oil
nitrogen
such
ammonium
chloride
peptone
significantly
increased
production.
Magnesium
sulfate
(0.25
%)
among
metal
ions
exhibited
potential
19.98
0.01
crude
displayed
pH
5.0
positive
effects
observed
Fe
2+
Ca
Mg
while
Co
Na
+
Hg
had
negative
impacts
on
research
not
only
contributes
to
understanding
factors
influencing
activity,
but
also
serves
an
technique.
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. 1676 - 1689
Published: March 15, 2024
Abstract
The
enzyme
market
is
growing
constantly,
and
lipases,
in
their
free
immobilized
forms,
constitute
an
important
part
of
this
market.
This
study
aimed
to
analyze
discuss
current
scenarios
using
data
from
the
literature,
focusing
on
lipases
feasibility
use
form.
It
also
compares
cost
biodiesel
production
two
commercial
lipases:
Eversa
Transform
2.0
(free
lipase)
Novozyme
435
(immobilized
lipase).
results
show
that
European
North
American
markets
are
most
prominent
worldwide,
with
Denmark
USA
as
major
exporters
importers,
respectively.
Lipases
can
be
used
a
wide
variety
fields,
immobilization
brings
many
advantages
class.
Finally,
we
enzymes
biorefinery
food
industries
carry
out
comparative
analysis
produce
lipase.
We
concluded
market,
which
play
role,
extensive,
seem
excellent
biocatalysts
feasible
costs
for
industrial
applications.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(47), P. 46698 - 46732
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
Immobilization
of
lipases
by
physical
adsorption
improves
their
stability,
recovery,
and
reusability
in
biotechnological
processes.
The
present
review
provides
an
advanced
bibliometric
analysis
a
comprehensive
overview
research
progress
this
field.
By
searching
Web
Science,
39,575
publications
were
analyzed,
325
relevant
articles
selected.
Key
journals,
countries,
institutions,
authors
identified.
most
cited
focus
on
biofuel
production
industrial
applications.
revealed
four
themes
with
the
biofuel.
method
is
effective
when
appropriate
support
used.
Despite
decrease
patent
applications,
interest
remains
high.
Future
studies
should
optimizing
materials
exploring
new
applications
technique.
detailed
understanding
immobilization
adsorption.
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(8), P. 1001 - 1016
Published: March 6, 2024
With
the
industrialization
and
development
of
modern
science,
application
enzymes
as
green
environmentally
friendly
biocatalysts
in
industry
has
been
increased
widely.
Among
them,
lipase
(EC.
3.1.1.3)
is
a
very
prominent
biocatalyst,
which
ability
to
catalyze
hydrolysis
synthesis
ester
compounds.
Many
lipases
have
isolated
from
various
sources,
such
animals,
plants
microorganisms,
among
microbial
enzyme
with
most
diverse
enzymatic
properties
great
industrial
potential.
It
therefore
promising
applications
many
industries,
food
beverages,
waste
treatment,
biofuels,
leather,
textiles,
detergent
formulations,
synthesis,
pharmaceuticals
medicine.
Although
characterized,
only
some
them
commercially
exploited.
In
order
cope
growing
demands
overcome
these
shortcomings
replace
traditional
chemical
catalysts,
preparation
new
thermal/acid-base
stability,
regioselectivity,
organic
solvent
tolerance,
high
activity
yield,
reusability
through
excavation
modification
become
hot
research
topic.
