Recent advances in insect thermoregulation

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(18)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Ambient temperature (Ta) is a critical abiotic factor for insects that cannot maintain constant body (Tb). Interestingly, Ta varies during the day, between seasons and habitats; must constantly cope with these variations to avoid reaching deleterious effects of thermal stress. To minimize risks, have evolved set physiological behavioral thermoregulatory processes as well molecular responses allow them survive perform under various conditions. These strategies range from actively seeking an adequate environment, cooling down through evaporation fluids synthesizing heat shock proteins prevent damage at cellular level after exposure. In contrast, endothermy may insect fight parasitic infections, fly within large facilitate nest defense. Since May (1979), Casey (1988) Heinrich (1993) reviewed literature on thermoregulation, hundreds scientific articles been published subject new insights in several groups emerged. particular, technical advancements provided better understanding mechanisms underlying processes. This present Review aims provide overview findings focus groups, including blood-feeding arthropods, explore impact thermoregulation exposure immunity pathogen development. Finally, it provides into current knowledge gaps field discusses context climate change.

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest insect populations under climate change

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 101020 - 101020

Published: March 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across North America

Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 104(5)

Published: March 22, 2023

Climate change models often assume similar responses to temperatures across the range of a species, but local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity can lead plants and animals respond differently temperature in different parts their range. To date, there have been few tests this assumption at scale continents, so it is unclear if large-scale problem. Here, we examined that insect taxa show 96 sites grassy habitats North America. We sampled insects with Malaise traps during 2019-2021 (N = 1041 samples) biomass relation time season. Our samples mostly contained Diptera (33%), Lepidoptera (19%), Hymenoptera (18%), Coleoptera (10%). found strong regional differences phenology response temperature, even within same taxonomic group, habitat type, For example, nematoceran flies increased season central part continent, only showed small increase Northeast seasonal decline Southeast West. At smaller scale, operating on days was correlated up ~75 km apart. Large-scale geographic phenological variation abundance has not studied well, major source controversy previous analyses declines aggregated studies from locations periods. study illustrates predictions about changes populations, causes, will need incorporate temperature.

Language: Английский

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A quantitative model of temperature-dependent diapause progression

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(36)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Winter diapause in insects is commonly terminated through cold exposure, which, like vernalization plants, prevents development before spring arrives. Currently, quantitative understanding of the temperature dependence termination limited, likely because phenotypes are generally cryptic to human eyes. We introduce a methodology tackle this challenge. By consecutively moving butterfly pupae species Pieris napi from several different conditions 20 °C, we show that proceeds as temperature-dependent rate process, with maximal rates at relatively temperatures and low warm extremely temperatures. Further, resulting thermal reaction norm can predict P. timing under variable Last, once , subsequent follows typical performance curve, around 31 °C minimum 2 °C. The sequence these thermally distinct processes (diapause postdiapause development) facilitates synchronous eclosion nature; microclimates where progresses quickly do not promote fast development, allowing individuals warmer winter catch up, vice versa. unveiling one process among others promotes parsimonious, quantitative, predictive model, wherein functions both an adaptation against premature during fall for synchrony spring.

Language: Английский

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One genome, multiple phenotypes: decoding the evolution and mechanisms of environmentally induced developmental plasticity in insects

Biochemical Society Transactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 675 - 689

Published: March 16, 2023

Plasticity in developmental processes gives rise to remarkable environmentally induced phenotypes. Some of the most striking and well-studied examples plasticity are seen insects. For example, beetle horn size responds nutritional state, butterfly eyespots enlarged response temperature humidity, environmental cues also give queen worker castes eusocial These phenotypes arise from essentially identical genomes an cue during development. Developmental is taxonomically widespread, affects individual fitness, may act as a rapid-response mechanism allowing individuals adapt changing environments. Despite importance prevalence plasticity, there remains scant mechanistic understanding how it works or evolves. In this review, we use key discuss what known about insects identify fundamental gaps current knowledge. We highlight working towards fully integrated diverse range species. Furthermore, advocate for comparative studies evo-devo framework address

Language: Английский

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Weather anomalies more important than climate means in driving insect phenology

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Studies of long-term trends in phenology often rely on climatic averages or accumulated heat, overlooking climate variability. Here we test the hypothesis that unusual weather conditions are critical driving adult insect phenology. First, generate phenological estimates for Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) across Eastern USA, over a 70 year period, using natural history collections data. Next, assemble set predictors, including number unusually warm cold days prior to, during, flight period. We then use phylogenetically informed linear mixed effects models to evaluate events, context, species traits, their interactions onset, offset duration. find increasing numbers both were strong effects, dramatically This effect duration is likely driven by differential onset termination dynamics. For impact dependent but cessation, more always lead later particularly multivoltine species. These results show understanding responses under global change must account especially given they predicted increase frequency severity.

Language: Английский

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Variation in Thermal Sensitivity of Diapause Development among Individuals and over Time Predicts Life History Timing in a Univoltine Insect

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203(6), P. E200 - E217

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microclimatic variation affects developmental phenology, synchrony and voltinism in an insect population

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 3036 - 3048

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Abstract Temperature influences the rate of most biological processes. Nonlinearities in thermal reaction norms such processes complicate intuitive predictions how ectothermic organisms respond to naturally fluctuating temperatures, and by extension, climate warming. Additionally, developing close ground experience a highly variable microclimate landscape that often is poorly captured coarse standard data. Using butterfly population central Sweden as model, we quantified consequences small‐scale temperature variation on phenology, emergence synchrony number annual reproductive cycles (voltinism). By combining empirical performance data, project development individual green‐veined white butterflies ( Pieris napi ) across 110 sites an exceptionally high‐resolved natural landscape. We demonstrate differences among microclimates just meters apart can have large impacts neighbouring butterflies. However, when considering full from egg adult, these temporal were reduced some scenarios, due negative correlations times life stages. The caused temperatures at beginning exceed optimum for season progressed. Indeed, which optimal fast could change lifetimes butterflies, is, ‘fast’ become ‘slow’ sites. Thus, point view, there seem be no consistently microsites. Importantly, not always warmest showed unintuitive effects play important role regulation phenological voltinism insects, favoured two generations. results generally robust years three different egg‐laying dates. data organism‐relevant spatial scales nonlinear responses temperature, demonstrated population‐level locally temporarily high temperatures. suggest to—whenever possible—incorporate species‐ stage‐specific studying organisms. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Mediterranean Rivers: A Mesohabitat Approach

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 3075 - 3075

Published: April 7, 2024

We investigated the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrate community attributes (richness, abundance, biodiversity, and climate-specific resistance forms) physical characteristics of distinct mesohabitats (hydromorphological unit types) discretized into fast (e.g., riffles or rapids) slow pools glides) flow types in four Mediterranean rivers Spain. Key hydromorphological units, including length, width, depth, shade, substrate composition, embeddedness, abundance aquatic vegetation, density woody debris, were considered. Through a comprehensive suite multivariate analyses, we unraveled taxonomic habitat distinctions among types, with notable influence spatial proximity (greater similarity within same river basin). In coarse emerged as pivotal factors shaping assemblages, whereas fast-flowing debris most important. Contrary to remaining attributes, studied forms (absent, eggs, cocoons, cells against desiccation diapause) exhibited uniformity across despite observed variations communities, underscoring regional functional analogies biological ecological mechanisms basins. This study contributes valuable insights for anticipating repercussions ongoing climate change, particularly regions where units are more susceptible depletion during drought periods.

Language: Английский

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Soil conditions and the emergence phenology and survival of a solitary, ground‐nesting bee in a coastal dune environment

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Adult emergence is a pivotal stage in insect life history that can affect reproduction and survival often cued by environmental variables. Temperature commonly cues adult growth, development, survival. However, for ground‐nesting insects primarily interacting with the soil environment, temperature modulated moisture. Soil moisture both directly phenology survival, or indirectly them via an inverse relationship between temperature. Here, we experimentally reduced content, thereby also increasing temperature, sand‐nesting bee ( Megachile wheeleri ) coastal dune ecosystem monitored Despite induced drier warmer soils, our manipulations did not timing of M. . Average was same under treatments. Survival lower warmer, but this effect significant. Contrary to expectations, results support neither direct nor indirect effects on Our suggest are affected range variables studied here. Although demonstrate may have some insects, more research needed understand

Language: Английский

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