Institutional Distrust among African Americans and Building Trustworthiness in the COVID-19 Response: Implications for Ethical Public Health Practice

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 90 - 98

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

African Americans are disproportionately affected by COVID-19-related disease and mortality due to long-standing social, political, economic, environmental injustice; COVID-19 inequities exacerbated institutional distrust. In the absence of trust, public health authorities have not adequately fulfilled their professional ethical obligations protect American communities from negative effects COVID-19. As distrust is shaped individual collective experiences untrustworthiness, we propose a paradigm shift increasing trust among trustworthiness medical institutions/systems throughout United States. This narrative review extends literature describing how social determinants contribute demonstrating develops over time reinforced through systems injustice. Additionally, illustrate consequences for provide recommendations building practice.

Language: Английский

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A natural bacterial pathogen of C. elegans uses a small RNA to induce transgenerational inheritance of learned avoidance

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e1011178 - e1011178

Published: March 28, 2024

C . elegans can learn to avoid pathogenic bacteria through several mechanisms, including bacterial small RNA-induced learned avoidance behavior, which be inherited transgenerationally. Previously, we discovered that a RNA from clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , PA14, induces and transgenerational inheritance in is an important human pathogen, there are other Pseudomonads elegans’ natural habitat, but it unclear whether ever encounters PA14-like the wild. Thus, not known if RNAs found habitat also regulate host behavior produce heritable behavioral effects. Here screened set wild bacteria, vranovensis strain isolated microbiota, GRb0427, regulates worm behavior: worms this bacterium following exposure, for four generations. The response entirely mediated by bacterially-produced RNAs, induce inheritance, providing further support such mechanisms learning exist We identified Pv1, expressed P has 16-nucleotide match exon gene maco-1 Pv1 both necessary sufficient Grb0427. However, results beneficial microbiome strain, mendocina Our findings suggest RNA-mediated regulation its may functional environment, potentially maladaptive favor reversal memory after few data different systems evolved independently, define shared molecular features transgenerationally-inherited

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 801 - 816

Published: March 17, 2022

Abstract Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies different mechanisms influence gene expression without direct modification DNA sequence. An ever-increasing amount evidence suggests such regulatory processes may play a pivotal role both in initiation pregnancy and later embryonic fetal development, thus determining long-term effects even adult life. In this narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on epigenetics pregnancy, from its most studied well-known to new frontiers epigenetic regulation, as ncRNAs gestational environment brain development. Epigenetic are dynamic phenomenon responds maternal–fetal environmental factors, which can modify embryo-fetal development during various phases. Therefore, also recapitulate notable factors affect prenatal maternal nutrition, stress hormones, microbiome, teratogens, focusing their ability cause modifications ultimately fetus. Despite promising advancements more experience data topic still needed. A better understanding regulation could fact prove valuable towards management physiological pregnancies assisted reproduction treatments, other than allowing comprehend origin multifactorial pathological conditions neurodevelopmental disorders.

Language: Английский

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An ecologist's guide for studying DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 1488 - 1508

Published: April 25, 2022

Abstract The field of molecular biology is advancing fast with new powerful technologies, sequencing methods and analysis software being developed constantly. Commonly used tools originally for research on humans model species are now regularly in ecological evolutionary research. There also a growing interest the causes consequences epigenetic variation natural populations. Studying epigenetics currently challenging, especially vertebrate systems, because required technical expertise, complications analyses interpretation, limitations acquiring sufficiently high sample sizes. Importantly, neglecting experimental setup, technology may affect reliability reproducibility, extent to which unbiased conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Here, we provide practical guide researchers aiming study DNA methylation wild vertebrates. We review aspects research, concentrating using bisulfite sequencing, discuss possible pitfalls, how overcome them through rigid reproducible data analysis. This provides solid foundation proper design studies, clear roadmap best practices correct realistic view studying will help implications

Language: Английский

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Present and future challenges for the investigation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107776 - 107776

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Epigenetic pathways are essential in different biological processes and phenotype-environment interactions response to stressors they can induce phenotypic plasticity. They encompass several that mitotically and, some cases, meiotically heritable, so be transferred subsequent generations via the germline. Transgenerational Inheritance (TEI) describes phenomenon traits, such as changes fertility, metabolic function, or behavior, induced by environmental factors (e.g., parental care, pathogens, pollutants, climate change), offspring epigenetic mechanisms. Investigations on TEI contribute deciphering role of mechanisms adaptation, adversity, evolution. However, molecular underlying transmission between generations, downstream chain events leading persistent changes, remain unclear. Therefore, inter-, (transmission information generation direct exposure) transgenerational through with disappearance triggering factor) consequences modifications major issues field modern biology. In this article, we review describe gaps still encountered field: general challenges faced research; key inheritance processes; identifying relevant drivers for implement a collaborative multi-disciplinary approach study TEI. Finally, provide suggestions how overcome these ultimately able identify specific contribution epigenetics use correct tools science investigation biomarkers identification.

Language: Английский

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ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 815 - 853

Published: March 27, 2023

The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit delivery of drugs into brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem successfully treat CNS diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical solve this problem. In comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways regulate barrier. part I, give historical overview research introduce role play in context. II, most important strategies tested system III, main component provide detailed information identified their potential relevance. This followed by IV, where explain implications context disease. Lastly, V, conclude highlighting examples how could be targeted for therapeutic purposes clinic. Significance Statement significant successful Here, review potentially purposes.

Language: Английский

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The epigenetics of animal personality

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 105194 - 105194

Published: April 23, 2023

Animal personality, consistent individual differences in behaviour, is an important concept for understanding how individuals vary they cope with environmental challenges. In order to understand the evolutionary significance of animal it crucial underlying regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation are hypothesised play a major role explaining variation phenotypic changes response alterations. Several characteristics also align well personality. this review paper, we summarise current literature on that molecular epigenetic mechanisms may have personality variation. We elaborate potential explain behavioural variation, development and temporal consistency behaviour. then suggest future routes emerging field point pitfalls be encountered. conclude more inclusive approach needed studying epigenetics cannot studied without considering genetic background.

Language: Английский

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Priestia megaterium cells are primed for surviving lethal doses of antibiotics and chemical stress

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Antibiotic resistant infections kill millions worldwide yearly. However, a key factor in recurrent is antibiotic persisters. Persisters are not inherently antibiotic-resistant but can withstand exposure by entering non-dividing state. This tolerance often results prolonged usage, increasing the likelihood of developing strains. Here, we show existence "primed cells" Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium, formerly known as Bacillus megaterium. These cells pre-adapted to become persisters prior lethal stress. Remarkably, this prepared state passed down through multiple generations via epigenetic memory, enhancing survival against antibiotics and other chemical Previously, two distinct types were proposed: Type I II, formed during stationary log phases, respectively. our findings reveal that primed contribute an increase transition with no evidence supporting phenotypes between II

Language: Английский

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Stable Transmission of DNA Methylation Epimutations from Germlines to the Liver and Their Association with Fatty Liver Disease in Medaka

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Background Environmental stressors can induce heritable traits in organisms across phyla, with distinct epigenetic alterations gametes and phenotypic outcomes several generations. However, the mechanisms underlying such intergenerational inheritance, mainly from germline to soma, are enigmatic, given that postfertilization embryos cells reprogram epigenome each generation gain their cellular identity. Here, we report stable transmission of differential DNA methylation (epimutations) associations nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) medaka exposed a model estrogenic chemical but ubiquitous environmental contaminant, bisphenol A (BPA). Results Ancestral BPA exposure F0 led advanced NAFLD unexposed grandchildren (F2) medaka. The F2 transcriptome histopathology revealed severe phenotype females. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing sperm gradual shift promoter (hypomethylated) F1 (mix hypo- hypermethylated) (predominantly hypermethylated). Many differentially methylated promoters (DMPs) overlapped sperm, liver, regardless sex. In females, 1511 DMPs was found three generations, which associated protein-coding genes, miRNAs, others linked steatohepatitis (NASH). Among them, 27 canonical genes maintained consistently hypermethylated significant downregulation expression enrichment NAFLD-related pathways, fat digestion, glycerolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis. Conclusions present results demonstrate inter- transgenerational germline-to-germline germline-to-soma environmentally induced epimutations gametic epimutations, predicting phenotype-a clear passage

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Disease Programming: From Mitochondria to Epigenetics, Glucocorticoid Signalling and Beyond

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(10)

Published: June 1, 2021

Abstract Embryonic and foetal development are critical periods of in which several environmental cues determine health disease adulthood. Maternal conditions an unfavourable intrauterine environment impact may programme the offspring for increased predisposition to metabolic diseases other chronic pathologic throughout adult life. Previously, non‐communicable were only associated with genetics lifestyle. Now origins early‐life adaptations that produce long‐term dysfunction. Early‐life sets risk can span through multiple generations. Recent research developmental programming aims at identifying molecular mechanisms responsible outcomes cellular physiology trigger adulthood disease. The identification new therapeutic targets improve offspring's management prevent or overcome adverse consequences programming. This review summarizes recent biomedical discoveries Developmental Origins Health Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis highlight possible mechanisms, including prenatal structural defects, (mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein modification), epigenetic glucocorticoid signalling‐related suggesting clues causes susceptibility after birth. Identifying involved DOHaD contribute early interventions pregnancy childhood, re‐set homeostasis break chain subsequent events could lead

Language: Английский

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