Antifungal Microbial Agents for Food Biopreservation—A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 37 - 37

Published: July 8, 2017

Food spoilage is a major issue for the food industry, leading to waste, substantial economic losses manufacturers and consumers, negative impact on brand names. Among causes, fungal contamination can be encountered at various stages of chain (e.g., post-harvest, during processing or storage). Fungal development leads sensory defects varying from visual deterioration noticeable odor, flavor, texture changes but also have health impacts via mycotoxin production by some molds. In order avoid microbial thus extend product shelf life, different treatments—including fungicides chemical preservatives—are used. parallel, public authorities encourage industry limit use these compounds develop natural methods preservation. This accompanied strong societal demand ‘clean label’ products, as consumers are looking more natural, less severely processed safer products. this context, agents corresponding bioprotective cultures, fermentates, culture-free supernatant purified molecules, exhibiting antifungal activities represent growing interest an alternative review presents main spoilers in microorganisms tested bioprotection, their mechanisms action. A focus made particular recent situ studies constraints associated with biopreservation.

Language: Английский

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Ecology of aspergillosis: insights into the pathogenic potency of Aspergillus fumigatus and some other Aspergillus species

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 296 - 322

Published: June 7, 2016

Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are widespread in environment. Some species, most commonly fumigatus, may lead to a variety allergic reactions and life-threatening systemic infections humans. Invasive aspergillosis occurs primarily patients with severe immunodeficiency, has dramatically increased recent years. There several factors at play that contribute aspergillosis, including both fungus host-related such as strain virulence host pulmonary structure/immune status, respectively. The environmental tenacity Aspergilllus, its dominance diverse microbial communities/habitats, ability navigate ecophysiological biophysical challenges infection attributable, large part, robust stress-tolerance biology exceptional capacity generate cell-available energy. Aspects stress metabolism, ecology, interactions animal hosts, clinical presentations treatment regimens have been well-studied over past Here, we synthesize these findings relation way which some species become successful opportunistic pathogens human- other hosts. We focus on capabilities pathogens, key aspects their ecophysiology flexibility undergo sexual cycle or form cryptic species. Additionally, advances diagnosis disease discussed well implications questions yet be resolved.

Language: Английский

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Production of Bioethanol—A Review of Factors Affecting Ethanol Yield

Fermentation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 268 - 268

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change, and as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources (e.g., renewables) becoming more attractive. Biofuels such bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil can be compatible with existing fleet of internal combustion engines. Incorporation biofuels engine (ICE) carbon dioxide emissions. Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation fermentable sugars, glucose, ethanol. Traditional feedstocks first-generation feedstock) include cereal grains, sugar cane, beets. However, due concerns regarding food sustainability, lignocellulosic (second-generation) algal biomass (third-generation) have been investigated. Ethanol yield from dependent multitude factors. This review compares range feedstocks, elaborates available technologies, including practices. The importance maintaining nutrient homeostasis yeast also examined. purpose this provide industrial producers policy makers insight into yields achieved by current manufacturing practices, goals future innovation.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Enzymes for Bio-Products from Sustainable and Waste Biomass

Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 41(7), P. 633 - 645

Published: May 17, 2016

Language: Английский

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Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 878 - 893

Published: Nov. 23, 2016

There is huge variability among yeasts with regard to their efficiency in utilizing glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Certain species show growth rates comparable those reached glucose source; others are virtually unable utilize glycerol, especially synthetic medium. Most our current knowledge regarding uptake catabolic pathways has been gained from studying laboratory strains model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The these on dependent presence medium supplements such amino acids nucleobases. In contrast, there only fragmentary about S. cerevisiae isolates able grow without well non-Saccharomyces glycerol. Thus, more research required understand why certain superior performance compared common strains. This mini-review summarizes what known so far gene products involved metabolism transport fungi regulation processes.

Language: Английский

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Engineering tolerance to industrially relevant stress factors in yeast cell factories

FEMS Yeast Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(4)

Published: June 1, 2017

The main focus in development of yeast cell factories has generally been on establishing optimal activity heterologous pathways and further metabolic engineering the host strain to maximize product yield titer. Adequate stress tolerance turned out be another major challenge for obtaining economically viable performance industrial production. Although general robustness is a universal requirement microorganisms, production novel compounds using artificial presents additional challenges. Many bio-based desirable by are highly toxic cells titers required economic viability. Artificial also turn much more sensitive factors than endogenous pathways, likely because regulation latter optimized evolution myriads environmental conditions. We discuss different with high relevance utilization experimental approaches used engineer higher tolerance. Improving predictable manner should facilitate their widespread economy extend range products successfully produced large scale sustainable profitable way.

Language: Английский

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Scientific novelty beyond the experiment

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 1131 - 1173

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Practical experiments drive important scientific discoveries in biology, but theory-based research studies also contribute novel-sometimes paradigm-changing-findings. Here, we appraise the roles of approaches focusing on experiment-dominated wet-biology areas microbial growth and survival, cell physiology, host-pathogen interactions, competitive or symbiotic interactions. Additional examples relate to analyses genome-sequence data, climate change planetary health, habitability, astrobiology. We assess importance thought at each step process; natural philosophy, inconsistencies logic language, as drivers progress; value experiments; use limitations artificial intelligence technologies, including their potential for interdisciplinary transdisciplinary research; other instances when theory is most-direct most-scientifically robust route novelty development techniques practical experimentation fieldwork. highlight intrinsic need human engagement innovation, an issue pertinent ongoing controversy over papers authored using/authored by (such large language model/chatbot ChatGPT). Other issues discussed are way which aspects can bias thinking towards spatial rather than temporal (and how this biased lead skewed terminology); receptivity that non-mainstream; science education epistemology. Whereas briefly classic works (those Oakes Ames, Francis H.C. Crick James D. Watson, Charles R. Darwin, Albert Einstein, E. Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Gilbert Ryle, Erwin R.J.A. Schrödinger, Alan M. Turing, others), focus microbiology more-recent, discussing these context process types they represent. These include several carried out during 2020 2022 lockdowns COVID-19 pandemic access laboratories was disallowed (or limited). interviewed authors some featured microbiology-related and-although ourselves involved laboratory fieldwork-also drew from our own experiences showing such not only produce new findings transcend barriers between disciplines, act counter reductionism, integrate biological data across different timescales levels complexity, circumvent constraints imposed techniques. In relation urgent needs, believe global challenges may require beyond experiment.

Language: Английский

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Stress tolerance and virulence of insect-pathogenic fungi are determined by environmental conditions during conidial formation

Current Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 383 - 404

Published: March 19, 2015

Language: Английский

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Ionic Strength Is a Barrier to the Habitability of Mars

Astrobiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 427 - 442

Published: May 23, 2016

The thermodynamic availability of water (water activity) strictly limits microbial propagation on Earth, particularly in hypersaline environments. A considerable body evidence indicates the existence surface waters throughout history Mars; therefore it is assumed that, as activity a major limiting factor for martian habitability. However, differing geological histories Earth and Mars have driven variations their respective aqueous geochemistry, with as-yet-unknown implications Using community enrichment approach, we investigated habitability suite simulated brines. While some brines was consistent predictions made from activity, others were uninhabitable even when biologically permissive. We demonstrate experimentally that high ionic strength, to extremes by ubiquitous occurrence multivalent ions, renders these environments despite presence available water. These findings show how Mars, which produced differences planets' dominant chemistries, resulted different physicochemical define boundary space Key Words: Habitability—Mars—Salts—Water activity—Life extreme Astrobiology 16, 427–442.

Language: Английский

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Antifungal activities of wood extractives

Fungal Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 113 - 123

Published: Feb. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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