Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4051 - 4051

Published: April 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Language: Английский

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Lung Microbiota: From Healthy Lungs to Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1403 - 1403

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Lung health is dependent on a complex picture of the lung microbiota composed bacteriobiota, mycobiota, and virome. The studies have demonstrated that has crucial role in host protection by regulating innate adaptive immunity. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) an inflammatory featuring changed composition diversity, known as dysbiosis. dysbiosis increases with progress COPD during exacerbation. Two models been proposed: inflammation cycles disturbance bacterial interactome. Still, it unknown if driving factor pathogenesis belongs to or microbiota. Recently, host–microbiota microbe–microbe interactions highlighted COPD, but mechanisms behind these need further exploration. function gut–lung axis for maintenance affected COPD. application probiotics resulted host–beneficial effects, likely future this field will aid therapy In review, microbiota, molecular mechanisms, clinical aspects relating are comprehensively provided.

Language: Английский

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Intact lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are both suitable for the evaluation of murine lung microbiome in acute lung injury

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 18, 2024

Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that lung microbiome is closely linked to the progression of pulmonary diseases; however, it still controversial which specimen type preferred for evaluation microbiome. To address this issue, we established a classical acute injury (ALI) mice model by intratracheal instillation lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We found bacterial DNA obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), intact tissue [Lung(i)], after perfused [Lung(p)], and feces one mouse were enough 16S rRNA sequencing, except BALF treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), might be due biomass in upregulated LPS. Although alpha diversity among three specimens lungs had minimal differences, Lung(p) higher sample-to-sample variation compared Lung(i). Consistently, PCoA analysis at phylum level indicated was similar Lung(i), but not Lung(p), LPS, suggesting Lung(i) suitable ALI. Importantly, Actinobacteria Firmicutes identified as mostly changed phyla important factors involved gut-lung axis ALI mice. Moreover, Proteobacteria play indicative roles severity injury. This study shows both are murine ALI, several phyla, such Actinobacteria, may serve potential biomarkers Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Intratracheal Candida administration induced lung dysbiosis, activated neutrophils, and worsened lung hemorrhage in pristane-induced lupus mice

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

Because the innate immunity might and fungi in lungs enhance severity of lupus-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), intraperitoneal pristane injection was performed C57BL6 mice with intratracheal administration by Candida albicans or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Despite similar pristane-induced lupus (proteinuria, serum creatinine, anti-dsDNA) at 5 weeks model, worsened several characteristics, including mortality, body weight, cytokines (TNF-α IL-6), lung score, tissue (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), but not gut permeability (FITC-dextran assay), IL-10, immune cells spleens (flow cytometry analysis), activities peritoneal macrophages (polymerase-chain reaction). Although reduced proteobacterial abundance altered alpha beta diversity compared PBS control, microbiota different between pristane- non-pristane-administered mice. prominent Gram-negative bacteria role neutrophils DAH, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) without heat-killed preparation tested. Indeed, LPS induced more severe pro-inflammatory than stimulation alone as indicated expression genes IL-1β, Dectin-1, NF-κB). In conclusion, partly through enhanced neutrophil responses against fungi. More studies on colonization sputum from patients DAH are interesting.

Language: Английский

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The Benefits of Jaboticaba-Based Interventions on Disease: Gastrointestinal, Renal, and Pulmonary Diseases

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Characterization of gut microbiota and metabolites in renal transplant recipients during COVID-19 and prediction of one-year allograft function

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Insights into human respiratory microbiome under dysbiosis and its analysis tool

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: April 28, 2025

The human respiratory tract microbiome is a multi-kingdom microbial ecology that inhabits several habitats along the tract. promotes host health by strengthening immune system and avoiding pathogen infection. lung mostly originates in upper balance between immigration removal determines nature of microbiome. Identification characterization communities from airways have been made much easier recent developments amplicon shotgun metagenomic sequencing data analysis techniques. In pulmonary medicine, there growing interest microbiome, which has linked to illness. However, primary causes bacterial co-occurrence seem be interactions with fungi bacteria as well environmental factors. This study focused on identifying techniques current understanding relationship microbiota various diseases.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the microbial orchestra: exploring the role of microbiota in cancer development and treatment

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 30, 2025

The human microbiota comprises a diverse microbial ecosystem that significantly impacts health and disease. Among its components, the gut plays crucial role in regulating metabolic, immunologic, inflammatory responses. Dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, has been linked to carcinogenesis through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, epigenetic modifications, immune system dysregulation. Additionally, dysbiosis influences efficacy toxicity of cancer therapies. Given these associations, there is growing interest leveraging biomarker for detection outcome prediction. Notably, distinct signatures have identified across various types, suggesting their potential diagnostic markers. Furthermore, modulation presents promising avenue improving treatment outcomes strategies antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions, small-molecule inhibitors, phage therapy. To explore relationships, we conducted comprehensive literature review using Web Science, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar our primary online databases, focusing on indexed peer-reviewed articles up present year. This aims elucidate development, examine molecular involved, assess impact highlight microbiota-based therapeutic discuss applications management. A deeper understanding intricate interplay between may pave way novel approaches prevention, early detection, optimization.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotics in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Tangshan: Perspectives on Temporal Variation, Residents’ Use and Ecological Risk Assessment

Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1627 - 1627

Published: June 6, 2024

In 2023, this study monitored nine types of antibiotics in the influent and effluent wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) urban suburban areas Tangshan. The total concentration detected WWTPs was highest winter, followed by spring, summer, autumn. higher than that while trend reversed Roxithromycin oxytetracycline had a risk quotient (RQ) value ≥0.1 indicating they are medium-risk pose to aquatic ecosystem after discharge. area, per capita pollution load autumn for sulfamethoxazole, it winter ofloxacin. use roxithromycin, ofloxacin autumn, respectively, areas, norfloxacin, during same period. area one order magnitude possible overuse environments.

Language: Английский

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Environmental exposures, the oral–lung axis and respiratory health: The airway microbiome goes on stage for the personalized management of human lung function

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

The human respiratory system is constantly exposed to environmental stimuli, sometimes including toxicants, which can trigger dysregulated lung immune responses that lead symptoms, impaired function and airway diseases. Evidence supports the microbiome in lungs has an indispensable role health disease, acting as a local gatekeeper mediates interaction between cues health. Moreover, intimately intertwined with oral through oral-lung axis. Here, we discuss intricate three-way relationship (i) cigarette smoking, strong effects on microbial community structure of lung; (ii) dysbiosis disease cavity; (iii) its causal patients suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), leading cause morbidity mortality worldwide. We highlight exciting outcomes arising from recently established interactions exposures, microbiome, metabolites-functional attributes host, well how these associations have potential predict status host index. For completion, argue incorporating (synthetic) ecology our contemporary understanding presents challenges also rises novel opportunities exploit axis towards innovative diagnostics, prognostics, patient stratification microbiota-targeted clinical interventions context current therapies.

Language: Английский

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