Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)
Published: April 14, 2025
Language: Английский
Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 367, P. 402 - 424
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a neurodegenerative disorder that escalates with time, exerting significant impact on physical and mental health leading to death. The prevalence of AD progressively rising along its associated economic burden necessitates effective therapeutic approaches in the near future. This review paper aims offer an insightful overview pathogenesis, current FDA-approved drugs, drugs different clinical phases. It also explores innovative formulations drug delivery strategies, focusing nanocarriers long-acting medications (LAMs) enhance treatment efficacy patient adherence. emphasizes preclinical evidence related their potential improve bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics parameters, while highlighting ability minimize systemic side effects. By providing comprehensive analysis, this furnishes valuable insights into pathophysiological mechanisms for future development. inform development strategies formulation delivering existing molecules disease, ultimately striving compliance.
Language: Английский
Citations
52
Molecular Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)
Published: July 17, 2024
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that gradually impairs cognitive abilities, disrupts memory retention, and impedes daily functioning by impacting the cells of brain. A key characteristic AD accumulation amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, which play pivotal roles in progression. These plaques initiate cascade events including neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, tau pathology, oxidative stress, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial disrupted calcium homeostasis. Aβ also closely associated with other hallmark features AD, underscoring its significance. generated through cleavage amyloid precursor (APP) plays dual role depending on processing pathway. The non-amyloidogenic pathway reduces production has neuroprotective anti-inflammatory effects, whereas amyloidogenic leads to peptides, Aβ40 Aβ42, contribute neurodegeneration toxic effects AD. Understanding multifaceted Aβ, particularly crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies target metabolism, aggregation, clearance aim mitigating detrimental consequences disease. This review aims explore mechanisms functions under normal abnormal conditions, examining both beneficial effects.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Future Science OA, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Alzheimer's disease is a developing public health concern in aging communities that affects sizable section of the global population. The risk increases with age; it one-third males and two-thirds women. This research attempts to assess effect nano-selenium thymoquinone on Nrf2 gene expression levels (AD). There were five identical groups 50 albino male rats: control group was healthy; an AD positive group; received (5 mg/kg); (2 both. duration treatment 4 weeks. brain tissues evaluated using real-time PCR. mean nano-selenium-treated rats, thymoquinone-treated rats given both treatments all increased significantly compared no treatment. study showed elevated AD.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(5), P. 4379 - 4402
Published: May 6, 2024
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative and the most common form of dementia globally. Although direct cause AD remains under debate, neuroinflammation oxidative stress are critical components in its pathogenesis progression. As result, compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) being increasingly investigated for their ability to provide antioxidant anti-inflammatory neuroprotection. CBD primary non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa. It has been found beneficial outcomes variety medical conditions gaining increasing attention potential therapeutic application AD. not psychoactive lipophilic nature allows rapid distribution throughout body, including across blood–brain barrier (BBB). also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties, making it viable candidate treatment. This review outlines CBD’s mechanism action, role AD, effectiveness limitations preclinical models
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: July 25, 2024
Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a global health issue and major economic burden. They significantly impair both cognitive motor functions, their prevalence is expected to rise due ageing societies continuous population growth. Conventional therapies provide symptomatic relief, nevertheless, disease-modifying treatments that reduce or halt neuron death malfunction are still largely unavailable. Amongst the common hallmarks of neurodegenerative protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation mitochondrial dysfunction. Transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2) constitutes central regulator cellular defense mechanisms, including regulation antioxidant, anti-inflammatory pathways, making it highly attractive therapeutic target for disease modification in disorders. Here, we describe role NRF2 neurodegeneration, review current pharmacological interventions challenges activating pathway, present alternative approaches modification.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
Herein, fluorescent calcium carbonate nanoclusters encapsulated with methotrexate (Mtx) and surface functionalized chitosan (25 nm) (@Calmat) have been developed for the imaging treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These biocompatible, pH-sensitive nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential targeted therapy diagnostic applications. The efficacy (NPs) was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines. enhanced permeability retention effect facilitated accumulation NPs, tumor-bearing rats, as confirmed by vivo fluorescence imaging. Treatment @Calmat resulted a marked reduction pro-inflammatory cytokines, levels IL-6 (1225 ± 67 pg/mL), IL-1β (379 69 TNF-α (14.1 2 contrast to diseased control group (IL-6: 2223 99; IL-1β: 1632 90; TNF-α: 40 3 pg/mL). A similar trend observed liver kidney function biomarkers. Mechanistic studies revealed that activates Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, leading cycle arrest G1 phase subsequent late-phase apoptosis. As result, tumor inhibition rate reached 88%, 80% treated rats surviving beyond 100 days. findings highlight strong dual-function theranostic agent management TNBC.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Metabolic Brain Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
The central nervous system (CNS) is immune-privileged by several immuno-modulators as interleukins (ILs). ILs are cytokines secreted immune cells for cell-cell signaling communications and affect the functions of CNS. were reported to orchestrate different molecular cellular mechanisms both physiological pathological events, through overproduction or over-expression their receptors. They interact with numerous receptors mediating pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory actions. Interleukins have been implicated participate in neurodegenerative diseases. play a critical role Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology which characterized over-production ILs. These may aggravate neurodegeneration, addition contribution detrimental oxidative stress, excitotoxicity. However, recent research on relation between AD revealed major discrepancies. Most shown pro- roles experimental settings models. interactions shared pathways also add difficulty drawing solid conclusions. In addition, targeting has not yielded consistent results. repeated failures therapeutic drugs treating necessitate search novel agents multiple pathology. this context, understanding throughout progression interaction other systems brain provide promising targets prevention treatment AD.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Behavioural Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 17
Published: Oct. 12, 2023
Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa, has gained remarkable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. This thorough analysis explores the increasing significance of CBD in treating neurological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's which present major healthcare concerns on a worldwide scale. Despite lack available therapies, been shown to possess variety pharmacological effects preclinical clinical studies, making it an intriguing competitor. review brings together most recent findings endocannabinoid neurotransmitter systems, as well anti-inflammatory pathways, that underlie CBD's modes action. Synthesized efficacy safety assessments range illnesses are included, covering human trials, vitro animal models. The investigation includes how could protect neurons, control neuroinflammation, fend off oxidative stress, manage neuronal excitability. study emphasizes existing studies future possibilities research, addressing research issues such regulatory complications contradicting results, advocates further ideal dose methodologies. By emphasizing improve patient well-being, this presents revised viewpoint suitability intervention illnesses.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(21), P. 5131 - 5131
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
The most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative illness in the world is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It results mental symptoms including behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment, which have a substantial financial psychological impact on relatives of patients. review discusses various pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AD, amyloid beta, tau protein, inflammation, other factors, while emphasizing need for effective disease-modifying therapeutics that alter progression rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This mainly covers medications are now being studied clinical trials or recently approved by FDA fall under treatment (DMT) category, alters targeting underlying biological DMTs focus improving patient outcomes slowing decline, enhancing neuroprotection, supporting neurogenesis. Additionally, amyloid-targeting therapies, tau-targeting neuroprotective others. evaluation specifically looked at studies FDA-approved novel Phase II III development were carried out between 2021 2024. A thorough US government database identified biologics small molecule drugs 14 agents I, 34 II, 11 might be completed 2028.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
The AAPS Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(5)
Published: Sept. 4, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
6