Revised guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees)

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(5)

Published: May 1, 2023

The European Commission asked EFSA to revise the risk assessment for honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. This guidance document describes how perform from plant protection products, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 1107/2009. It is a review of EFSA's existing document, which was published 2013. outlines tiered approach exposure estimation different scenarios tiers. includes hazard characterisation provides methodology covering dietary contact exposure. also recommendations higher tier studies, metabolites products as mixture.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 105 - 124

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that topic this review. Recent advances insect genomics postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand evolution P450s toxicology. These also been harnessed provide new insights into genomic alterations lead insecticide resistance, mechanisms by which are regulated, determinants P450-mediated resistance. In parallel, emerging body work on defining sensitivity beneficial insects insecticides has developed. The knowledge gained from these studies applications for management resistance pests can be leveraged safeguard health insects.

Language: Английский

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Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 209 - 232

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

Bumble bees ( Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approximately 260 wild species native to all biogeographic regions except sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. As they vitally in natural ecosystems agricultural food production globally, the increase reports of declining distribution abundance over past decade has led an explosion interest bumble bee population decline. We summarize data on threat status across regions, underscoring lacking assessment data. Focusing data-rich studies, we also synthesize recent research potential causes declines. There is evidence that habitat loss, changing climate, pathogen transmission, invasion nonnative species, pesticides, operating individually combination, negatively impact health, effects may depend locality. distinguish between correlational causal results, importance expanding experimental beyond study two commercially available identify factors affecting diversity species.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Molecular Targets, Resistance, and Toxicity

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 241 - 255

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Neonicotinoids have been used to protect crops and animals from insect pests since the 1990s, but there are concerns regarding their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, notably bees. Enhanced resistance neonicotinoids in is becoming well documented. We address current understanding of neonicotinoid target site interactions, selectivity, metabolism not only also beneficial insects such as The findings relevant management both new generation pesticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Language: Английский

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Insights Into the Microbial Degradation and Biochemical Mechanisms of Neonicotinoids

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 19, 2020

Neonicotinoids are derivatives of synthetic nicotinoids with better insecticidal capabilities, including imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and dinotefuran. These mainly used to control harmful insects pests protect crops. Their main targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the past two decades, environmental residues neonicotinoids have enormously increased due large-scale applications. More more remain in environment pose severe toxicity humans animals. An increase toxicological hazardous pollution introduction into causes problems; thus, systematic remediation is essential demand. Various technologies been developed remove from soil water environments. Compared non-bioremediation methods, bioremediation a cost-effective eco-friendly approach for treatment pesticide-polluted Certain neonicotinoid-degrading microorganisms, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Actinomycetes Stenotrophomonas, isolated characterized. microbes can degrade under laboratory field conditions. The microbial degradation pathways fate several metabolites investigated literature. addition, enzymes correlated genes organisms explored. However, few reviews focused on microorganisms along metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, this review aimed summarize biochemical mechanisms neonicotinoids. potentials contaminated sites were also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Glyphosate impairs collective thermoregulation in bumblebees

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6597), P. 1122 - 1126

Published: June 2, 2022

Insects are facing a multitude of anthropogenic stressors, and the recent decline in their biodiversity is threatening ecosystems economies across globe. We investigated impact glyphosate, most commonly used herbicide worldwide, on bumblebees. Bumblebee colonies maintain brood at high temperatures via active thermogenesis, prerequisite for colony growth reproduction. Using within-colony comparative approach to examine effects long-term glyphosate exposure both individual collective thermoregulation, we found that whereas weak level individual, ability necessary decreased by more than 25% during periods resource limitation. For pollinators our heavily stressed ecosystems, carries hidden costs have so far been largely overlooked.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non-Apis Bees

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 551 - 576

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, pesticide exposure is one the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes impacts came from honey bees, at least partially because they were only model species required for risk assessments (ERAs) insect pollinators. Recently, there has been a surge research activity focusing effects non- Apis including other social bees (bumble stingless bees) solitary bees. These taxa vary substantially another several important ecological traits, spatial temporal patterns, foraging nesting requirements, degree sociality. In this article, we review current evidence base about pathways consequences We find that insights into bee resulting across biological organizations, landscapes, mixtures, multiple still infancy. The good news promising approaches could be used to advance our understanding, with priority given informing pathways, extrapolating effects, determining how well (limited very few mostly neonicotinoid insecticides under unrealistic conditions) can generalized diversity lifestyles global community. conclude future expand knowledge would also beneficial ERAs wider policy decisions concerning pollinator conservation regulation.

Language: Английский

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Low doses of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induce ROS triggering neurological and metabolic impairments in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(41), P. 25840 - 25850

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Declining insect population sizes are provoking grave concern around the world as insects play essential roles in food production and ecosystems. Environmental contamination by intense insecticide usage is consistently proposed a significant contributor, among other threats. Many studies have demonstrated impacts of low doses insecticides on behavior, but not elucidated links to insecticidal activity at molecular cellular levels. Here, histological, physiological, behavioral imidacloprid investigated Drosophila melanogaster, an experimental organism exposed field. We show that oxidative stress key factor mode action this doses. Imidacloprid produces enduring flux Ca2+ into neurons rapid increase levels reactive oxygen species (ROS) larval brain. It affects mitochondrial function, energy levels, lipid environment, transcriptomic profiles. Use RNAi induce ROS brain recapitulates insecticide-induced phenotypes metabolic tissues, indicating signal from responsible. Chronic level exposures adults lead dysfunction, severe damage glial cells, impaired vision. The potent antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), reduces severity number imidacloprid-induced phenotypes, causal role for stress. Given known generate stress, research has wider implications. systemic impairment several biological functions, including vision, reported here would reduce resilience facing environmental challenges.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoids: molecular mechanisms of action, insights into resistance and impact on pollinators

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 86 - 92

Published: Sept. 27, 2018

Language: Английский

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Species Sensitivity to Toxic Substances: Evolution, Ecology and Applications

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Because it is only possible to test chemicals for effects on a restricted range of species and exposure scenarios, ecotoxicologists are faced with significant challenge how translate the measurements in model into predictions impacts wider ecosystems. this challenge, within ecotoxicology there no more fundamental aspect than understand nature traits that determine sensitivity. To account uncertainties extrapolations risk assessment, “safety factors” or sensitivity distributions commonly used. While valuable as pragmatic tools, these approaches have mechanistic grounding. Here we highlight information increasingly available can be used potentially predict chemicals. We review current knowledge toxicokinetic, toxicodynamic, physiological, ecological contribute differences go discuss being make using correlative trait-based approaches, including comparisons target receptor orthologs. Finally, emerging associated tools enhance theoretical applied ecotoxicological research through improvements modeling, predictive ecotoxicology, distribution development, mixture toxicity chemical design, biotechnology application mechanistically informed monitoring.

Language: Английский

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