Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stressors on Managed and Feral Bees

Insects, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 233 - 233

Published: Aug. 1, 2019

Large-scale declines in bee abundance and species richness over the last decade have sounded an alarm, given crucial pollination services that bees provide. Population dips specifically been noted for both managed feral species. The simultaneous increased cultivation of bee-dependent agricultural crops has rise to additional concern. As a result, there surge scientific research investigating potential stressors impacting bees. A group environmental anthropogenic negatively isolated. Habitat destruction diminished availability floral resources nest habitats, while massive monoculture plantings limited access variety pollens nectars. rapid spread resistance buildup various parasites, pathogens, pests current control methods are implicated deteriorating health. Similarly, many pesticides widely applied on within beehives toxic global distribution honey colonies (including queens with attendant bees) bumble from crop events linked pathogen stress competition native resources. Climatic alterations disrupted synchronous emergence flower blooming reduced diverse resources, leading physiological adaptations. Interactions amongst multiple created colossal maladies hitting at one time, some cases delivering additive impacts. Initiatives including development wild assessment pesticide toxicity undertaken efforts ameliorate declines. In this review, recent findings regarding impact these strategies mitigating them discussed.

Language: Английский

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiota promotes host endogenous detoxification capability via regulation of P450 gene expression in the digestive tract

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1201 - 1212

Published: April 27, 2020

Summary There is growing number of studies demonstrating a close relationship between insect gut microbiota and insecticide resistance. However, the contribution honey bee to host detoxification ability has yet be investigated. In order address this question, we compared expression cytochrome P450s (P450s) genes deficient (GD) workers conventional community (CV) mortality rates pesticide residue levels GD CV treated with thiacloprid or tau ‐fluvalinate. Our results showed that promotes P450 enzymes in midgut, rate are significantly higher than those workers. Further comparisons tetracycline‐treated untreated demonstrated antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis leads attenuated midgut. The co‐treatment antibiotics pesticides reduced survival amount residues bees. Taken together, our symbiont could contribute health through modification xenobiotics pathways revealed potential negative impact health.

Language: Английский

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A neonicotinoid pesticide impairs foraging, but not learning, in free-flying bumblebees

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 18, 2019

Abstract Neonicotinoids are widely-used pesticides implicated in the decline of bees, known to have sub-lethal effects on bees’ foraging and colony performance. One proposed mechanism for these negative is impairment ability learn floral associations. However, neonicotinoids learning performance largely been addressed using a single protocol, where immobilized bees an association based sensory modality. We thus incomplete understanding how affect bee more naturalistic scenarios. carried out first free-foraging study into acute exposure neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) bumblebees’ ( Bombus impatiens ) associations with visual stimuli. uncovered dose-dependent detrimental motivation initiate foraging, amount nectar collected, initiation subsequent bouts. we did not find any While precluding possibility that other forms impaired, our findings suggest some major may be due motivational and/or impairments. In light findings, discuss broadly pesticide pollinator cognition might studied.

Language: Английский

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Genomic insights into neonicotinoid sensitivity in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. e1007903 - e1007903

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

The impact of pesticides on the health bee pollinators is determined in part by capacity detoxification systems to convert these compounds less toxic forms. For example, recent work has shown that cytochrome P450s CYP9Q subfamily are critically important defining sensitivity honey bees and bumblebees pesticides, including neonicotinoid insecticides. However, it currently unclear if solitary have functional equivalents enzymes with potentially serious implications relation their metabolise certain To address this question, we sequenced genome red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, most abundant economically species Central Europe. We show O. bicornis lacks but, despite this, exhibits low acute toxicity N-cyanoamidine thiacloprid. Functional studies revealed variation N-nitroguanidine neonicotinoids does not reside differences affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor or speed cuticular penetration. Rather, a P450 within CYP9BU subfamily, shared ancestry Apidae metabolises thiacloprid vitro confers tolerance vivo. Our data reveal conserved pathways model eusocial key evolution specific pesticide-metabolising two groups. discovery can act as metabolic defence against be leveraged avoid negative pesticide impacts pollinators.

Language: Английский

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Brain transcriptome of honey bees (Apis mellifera) exhibiting impaired olfactory learning induced by a sublethal dose of imidacloprid

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 36 - 43

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2019

Pesticide use is one of the main causes pollinator declines in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, most laboratory studies on bee ecotoxicology test acute exposure to single compounds. However, under field conditions, bees are often chronically exposed a variety chemicals, with potential synergistic effects. We studied effects field-realistic concentrations three pesticides measured pollen and nectar commercial melon fields solitary Osmia bicornis L. orally females this species throughout their life span 8 treatments combining two neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid) triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) via sugar syrup. syrup consumption, longevity, ovary maturation thermogenesis. intake was orders magnitude higher than pollen. At tested concentrations, no emerged, we found longevity maturation. all containing imidacloprid resulted suppressed consumption drastic decreases thoracic temperature activity. Our results have important implications for pesticide regulation. If had only lethal would wrongly concluded that combinations were safe O. bicornis. The incorporation tests specifically intended detect sublethal risk assessment schemes should be an urgent priority. In way, dynamics populations agroecosystems will better assessed.

Language: Английский

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Defining Pollinator Health: A Holistic Approach Based on Ecological, Genetic, and Physiological Factors

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 269 - 294

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

Evidence for global bee population declines has catalyzed a rapidly evolving area of research that aims to identify the causal factors and effectively assess status pollinator populations. The term health emerged through efforts understand causes decline colony losses, but it lacks formal definition. In this review, we propose definition synthesize available literature on application standardized biomarkers at individual, colony, levels. We focus in honey bees, model species, extrapolate potential these approaches monitor wild Biomarker-guided measures can inform beekeeper management decisions, conservation efforts, environmental policies. conclude by addressing challenges from One Health perspective emphasizes interplay between quality human, animal, health.

Language: Английский

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Cofactor-enabled functional expression of fruit fly, honeybee, and bumblebee nicotinic receptors reveals picomolar neonicotinoid actions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(28), P. 16283 - 16291

Published: July 1, 2020

Significance Neonicotinoids acting on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are deployed for crop protection, but growing evidence adverse effects pollinators has led to restricted use of some neonicotinoids in the EU. It is therefore vital understand target site actions pollinators, date difficulties heterologous expression nAChRs have hampered progress. We found that a thioredoxin (TMX3) enables robust functional honeybee, bumblebee, and fruit fly Xenopus laevis oocytes. With this advance, we show expressed bee more neonicotinoid-sensitive than those fly, clothianidin can modulate both honeybee bumblebee at concentration below commonly observed agricultural fields.

Language: Английский

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Long-term field-realistic exposure to a next-generation pesticide, flupyradifurone, impairs honey bee behaviour and survival

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 28, 2021

The assessment of pesticide risks to insect pollinators have typically focused on short-term, lethal impacts. environmental ramifications many the world's most commonly employed pesticides, such as those exhibiting systemic properties that can result in long-lasting exposure insects, may thus be severely underestimated. Here, seven laboratories from Europe and North America performed a standardised experiment (a ring-test) study long-term sublethal impacts relatively recently approved 'bee safe' butenolide flupyradifurone (FPF, active ingredient Sivanto

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic and functional characterization of an evolutionary conserved cytochrome P450-based insecticide detoxification mechanism in bees

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(26)

Published: June 21, 2022

The regulatory process for assessing the risks of pesticides to bees relies heavily on use honeybee, Apis mellifera , as a model other bee species. However, validity using A. surrogate and non- in pesticide risk assessment has been questioned. Related this line research, recent work shown that specific P450 enzymes belonging CYP9Q subfamily act critically important determinants insecticide sensitivity species by efficiently detoxifying certain chemotypes. extent which presence functional orthologs these is conserved across diversity unclear. Here we used phylogenomic approach identify > 100 putative 75 encompassing all major families. Functional analysis 26 P450s from 20 representative revealed P450-mediated detoxification systemic insecticides, including neonicotinoid thiacloprid butenolide flupyradifurone, pollinator our analyses also reveal -related genes are not universal species, with some Megachilidae lacking such genes. Thus, results an evolutionary capacity metabolize insecticides families while identifying small number where function may have lost. Furthermore, they illustrate potential toxicogenomic inform nonmanaged predicting capability break down synthetic insecticides.

Language: Английский

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